ReviewCurrent diabetes reports2021
Autoimmune Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Hallmarks So Far and Yet So Close to Explain Diabetes Endotypes.
Review in Current diabetes reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Causality between diabetes and membranous nephropathy: Mendelian randomization.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2025Pooled it
- Variable phenotypes of individual and family monogenic cases with hyperinsulinism and diabetes: a systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Marine nutraceuticals and their role in modulating diabetes-induced carcinogenesis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Dendritic Cells: Origin, Classification, Development, Biological Functions, and Therapeutic Potential.MedComm · 2025Review
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to insulin resistance in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Metabolic, genetic and immunological features of relatives of type 1 diabetes patients with elevated insulin resistance.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Article
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in youth.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Potential of Anti-Inflammatory DC Immunotherapy in Improving Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Prevalence of insulin resistance and its associated factors in drug-naïve patients with bipolar disorder among Han Chinese population.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- HOMA-IR and the Matsuda Index as predictors of progression to type 1 diabetes in autoantibody-positive relatives.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer - a dangerous liaison.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Analysis of transcriptomic features reveals molecular endotypes of SLE with clinical implications.Genome medicine · 2023Article
- Molecular Mechanisms for the Vicious Cycle between Insulin Resistance and the Inflammatory Response in Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Tolerogenic dendritic cells in type 1 diabetes: no longer a concept.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- ProBDNF and its receptors in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: novel insights into the regulation of metabolism and mitochondria.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewDiabetes mellitus can be categorized into two major variants, type 1 and type 2. A number of traits such as clinical phenotype, age at disease onset, genetic background, and underlying pathogenesis distinguish the two forms. RECENT
findingsRecent evidence indicates that type 1 diabetes can be accompanied by insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes exhibits self-reactivity. These two previously unknown conditions can influence the progression and outcome of the disease. Unlike most conventional considerations, diabetes appears to consist of a spectrum of intermediate phenotypes that includes monogenic and polygenic loci linked to inflammatory processes including autoimmunity, beta cell impairment, and insulin resistance. Here we discuss why a shift of the classical bi-modal view of diabetes (autoimmune vs. non-autoimmune) is necessary in favor of a model of an immunological continuum of endotypes lying between the two extreme "insulin-resistant" and "autoimmune beta cell targeting," shaped by environmental and genetic factors which contribute to determine specific immune-conditioned outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.