ArticleTemperature (Austin, Tex.)2021
Hot head-out water immersion does not acutely alter dynamic cerebral autoregulation or cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia.
Article in Temperature (Austin, Tex.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of repeated hot water immersion on cognitive performance, cerebrovascular function, sleep and biomarkers of neurodegeneration in older adults.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Whole-body hot water immersion effect on cerebral haemodynamics and subsequent cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide.Experimental physiology · 2025Article
- Sauna use as a novel management approach for cardiovascular health and peripheral arterial disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- The independent effects of hydrostatic pressure and hypercapnic breathing during water immersion on ventilatory sensitivity and cerebrovascular reactivity.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2024Article
- Pre-exercise hot water immersion increased circulatory heat shock proteins but did not alter muscle damage markers or endurance capacity after eccentric exercise.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recurring hot head-out water immersion (HOWI) enhances peripheral vascular function and cerebral blood velocity during non-immersion conditions. However, it is unknown if an acute bout of hot HOWI alters cerebrovascular function. Using two experimental studies, we tested the hypotheses that dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) are improved during an acute bout of hot (HOT; 39 °C) vs. thermoneutral (TN; 35 °C) HOWI. Eighteen healthy participants (eight females) completed the dCA study, and 14 participants (6 females) completed the CVR study. Both studies consisted of two randomized (TNdCA vs. HOTdCA; TNCVR vs. HOTCVR) 45minute HOWI visits. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAvmean) was continuously recorded. dCA was assessed using a respiratory impedance device and analyzed via transfer gain and phase in the low-frequency band. CVR was assessed using stepped hypercapnia. Assessments were completed PRE and 30 minutes into HOWI. Values are reported as a change (Δ) from PRE (mean ± SD). There were no differences at PRE for either study. ΔMCAvmean was greater in TNdCA (TNdCA: 4 ± 4 vs. HOTdCA: -3 ± 5 cm/s; P < 0.01) and TNCVR (TNCVR: 5 ± 4 vs. HOTCVR: -1 ± 6 cm/s; P < 0.01) during HOWI. ΔGain was greater in HOTdCA during HOWI (TNdCA: -0.09 ± 0.15 vs. HOTdCA: 0.10 ± 0.17 cm/s/mmHg; P = 0.04). ΔPhase (P > 0.84) and ΔCVR (P > 0.94) were not different between conditions. These data indicate that hot and thermoneutral water immersion do not acutely alter cerebrovascular function in healthy, young adults.
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