ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2021
Characterizing Head Impact Exposure in Men and Women During Boxing and Mixed Martial Arts.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rotational head acceleration and traumatic brain injury in combat sports: a systematic review.British medical bulletin · 2022Pooled it
- Bioenergetics of the combat sports brain: Between risk and resilience.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Quantifying Head Impacts in Elite Muay Thai: A Case Study Using Instrumented Mouthguards.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neck Strength Is Not a Protective Factor for Lower Repetitive Head Impact Exposure in Law Enforcement Cadets.Military medicine · 2025Observational
- Sex Differences in Head Acceleration Events in Law Enforcement Corrections Cadets.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Injuries in Mixed Martial Arts After Adoption of the Unified Rules of MMA: A Systematic Review.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Review
- The relationship between visual ability assessment and competitive boxing performance in female amateur boxers.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Accuracy of Instrumented Mouthguards During Direct Jaw Impacts Seen in Boxing.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Head Impacts in the Top 1% by Peak Linear Acceleration and/or Work Cause Immediate Concussion Signs and 'Check Engine' Responses in Military Service Members and Civilian Athletes.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Characterizing Head Acceleration Events in Law Enforcement Cadets During Subject Control Technique Training.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Biofidelity and Limitations of Instrumented Mouthguard Systems for Assessment of Rigid Body Head Kinematics.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Head Kinematics and Injury Analysis in Elite Bobsleigh Athletes Throughout a World Cup Tour.Journal of athletic training · 2024Article
- Neuroimaging, wearable sensors, and blood-based biomarkers reveal hyperacute changes in the brain after sub-concussive impacts.Brain multiphysics · 2023Article
- An Instrumented Mouthguard for Real-Time Measurement of Head Kinematics under a Large Range of Sport Specific Accelerations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- EFFECT OF FILTERING KINEMATICS ON FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS OF HEAD IMPACTS IN HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE LACROSSE.Biomedical sciences instrumentation · 2023Article
- Combining impact monitoring mouthguards and blood biomarkers to monitor head impacts among Muay Thai athletes - A case study.JSAMS plus · 2023Article
- Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Football and Dementia: Understanding the Link.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe accumulation of subconcussive impacts has been implicated in permanent neurological impairment. A gap in understanding the relationship between head impacts and neurological function is the lack of precise characterization and quantification of forces that individuals experience during sports training and competition. PURPOSE: To characterize impact exposure during training and competition among male and female athletes participating in boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) via an instrumented custom-fit Impact Monitoring Mouthguard (IMM). STUDY
designCross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
methodsTwenty-three athletes (n = 4 women) were provided a custom-fit IMM. The IMM monitored impacts during sparring and competition. All training and competition sessions were videotaped. Video and IMM data were synchronized for post hoc data verification of true positives and substantiation of impact location. IMM data were collected from boxing and MMA athletes at a collaborating site. For each true-positive impact, peak linear acceleration and peak angular acceleration were calculated. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to evaluate potential differences in sport, activity type, and sex with respect to each outcome. Differences in impact location were assessed via Kruskal-Wallis tests.
resultsIMM data were collected from 53 amateur training sessions and 6 competitions (session range, 5-20 minutes). A total of 896 head impacts (men, n = 786; women, n = 110) were identified using IMM data and video verification: 827 in practice and 69 during competition. MMA and boxers experienced a comparable number of impacts per practice session or competition. In general, MMA impacts produced significantly higher peak angular acceleration than did boxing impacts (
conclusionCharacteristic profiles of head impact exposure differed between boxing and MMA athletes; however, the impact magnitudes were not significantly different for male and female athletes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.