ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021
ISGylation in Innate Antiviral Immunity and Pathogen Defense Responses: A Review.
Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Understanding protein ISGylation, a multifaceted posttranslational modification.Cell chemical biology · 2026Review
- Serological and transcriptomic response of African fruit bats to immune challenge with recombinant vaccines expressing Ebola or Nipah virus antigens.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- Pulsed Electric Field Ablation Reprograms Tumor Immunity and Stimulates Germinal Center Formation in Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- An Ultrastructural and Proteomic Analysis in DM1 Young Adults' Myoblasts: Stressed RER and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Involvement.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- BRCA1 deficiency induces NFκB-dependent type-I interferon signaling in fallopian tube epithelial cells.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Mechanisms influencing transient cytoplasmic protein targeting to intracellular lipid droplets.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Interferon Receptor Chain Deficiency in Murine Friend Erythroleukemia Cell Clone Resistant to Type I or Type I and II Interferons.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inflammatory monocytes constrain YAP-induced cell proliferation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Metaproteomic profiling reveals viral proteins and associated host proteomic alterations in glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- STAT2-IRF1-ISG15-Associated Temporal Immune Reprogramming in Macrophages during Aspergillus fumigatus Infection.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- USP24 is a cross-reactive DUB targeting MOV10 to regulate IFN-I production.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Polymersomes preventing brain infiltration of CD177Nature communications · 2026Article
- Structural Basis and Inhibitor Development of SARS-CoV-2 Papain-like Protease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Whole Blood Transcriptome Analysis in Female Adolescents With Depression Accompanied by Nonsuicidal Self-Injury and Suicide Attempt.Depression and anxiety · 2026Observational
- Pharmacological inhibition of USP18 improves antibacterial responses and the intracellular control ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Rewriting the viral script: post-translational modifications orchestrating SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and immune evasion.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- RNA and ChIP-sequencing analysis reveals SOX3 suppresses antiviral innate immunity through the AKT1-PTEN signaling axis.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- ISG15 modulates inflammatory profiles and ability to activate CD8 + T cells in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Impact of Heat Stress on Gene Expression in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis of Hu Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus NSP5 exploited UBE2L6 to promote viral replication via antagonising host RLRs and ISGylation.Veterinary research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The interferon-stimulating gene 15 (ISG15) protein is a ubiquitin-like protein induced by interferons or pathogens. ISG15 can exist in free form or covalently bind to the target protein through an enzymatic cascade reaction, which is called ISGylation. ISGylation has been found to play an important role in the innate immune responses induced by type I interferon, and is, thus, critical for the defense of host cells against RNA, DNA, and retroviruses. Through covalent binding with the host and viral target proteins, ISG15 inhibits the release of viral particles, hinder viral replication, and regulates the incubation period of viruses, thereby exerting strong antiviral effects. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease, a virus-encoded deubiquitinating enzyme, has demonstrated activity on both ubiquitin and ISG15 chain conjugations, thus playing a suppressive role against the host antiviral innate immune response. Here we review the recent research progress in understanding ISG15-type ubiquitin-like modifications, with an emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms. We provide comprehensive references for further studies on the role of ISG15 in antiviral immunity, which may enable development of new antiviral drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.