Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34900994›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2021

Gut Microbes and Hepatic Encephalopathy: From the Old Concepts to New Perspectives.

Alba Rocco, Costantino Sgamato, Debora Compare, Pietro Coccoli, Olga Maria Nardone, Gerardo Nardone

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Reducing the Risk of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy Recurrence: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. A Review of Recent Advances in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Alba RoccoGastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Costantino SgamatoGastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Debora CompareGastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Pietro CoccoliGastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Olga Maria NardoneGastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Gerardo NardoneGastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Federico II University Hospital · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of advanced liver disease and acute liver failure. The clinical spectrum ranges from minor cognitive dysfunctions to lethargy, depressed consciousness, and coma and significantly impact the quality of life, morbidity, and mortality of the patients. It is commonly accepted that the gut milieu is essential for the development of HE; however, despite intensive research efforts, the pathogenesis of HE is still not fully elucidated. As our knowledge of gut microbiota moves from the pioneering era of culture-dependent studies, the connection between microbes, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of HE is becoming increasingly clear, providing exciting therapeutic perspectives. This review will critically examine the latest research findings on the role of gut microbes in the pathophysiological pathways underlying HE. Moreover, currently available therapeutic options and novel treatment strategies are discussed.

Indexed as

antibioticsfecal microbiota transplantationgut-liver-brain axisgut microbeshepatic encephalopathyprobiotics

Identifiers

PMID34900994
PMCPMC8662376
OpenAlexW3215377564

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.