Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34900525›Full record

ReviewActa pharmaceutica Sinica. B2021

Applying artificial intelligence for cancer immunotherapy.

Zhijie Xu, Xiang Wang, Shuangshuang Zeng, Xinxin Ren, Yuanliang Yan, Zhicheng Gong

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Beyond tumor biology: nursing interventions for psychological and immune health in cancer patients.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy: from bench to bedside.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Zhijie XuDepartment of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
Xiang WangDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
Shuangshuang ZengDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
Xinxin RenCenter for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
Yuanliang YanDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
Zhicheng GongDepartment of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a general term that refers to the use of a machine to imitate intelligent behavior for performing complex tasks with minimal human intervention, such as machine learning; this technology is revolutionizing and reshaping medicine. AI has considerable potential to perfect health-care systems in areas such as diagnostics, risk analysis, health information administration, lifestyle supervision, and virtual health assistance. In terms of immunotherapy, AI has been applied to the prediction of immunotherapy responses based on immune signatures, medical imaging and histological analysis. These features could also be highly useful in the management of cancer immunotherapy given their ever-increasing performance in improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment planning, predicting outcomes of care and reducing human resource costs. In this review, we present the details of AI and the current progression and state of the art in employing AI for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges, opportunities and corresponding strategies in applying the technology for widespread clinical deployment. Finally, we summarize the impact of AI on cancer immunotherapy and provide our perspectives about underlying applications of AI in the future.

Indexed as

AI, artificial intelligenceArtificial intelligenceCancer immunotherapyCT, computed tomographyCTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4DiagnosticsDL, deep learningICB, immune checkpoint blockadeirAEs, immune-related adverse eventsMachine learningMHC-I, major histocompatibility complex class IML, machine learningMMR, mismatch repairMRI, magnetic resonance imagingPD-1, programmed cell death protein 1PD-L1, PD-1 ligand1TNBC, triple-negative breast cancerUS, ultrasonography

Identifiers

PMID34900525
PMCPMC8642413

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.