ReviewAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2021
The mystery of COVID-19 reinfections: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 reinfection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2023Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Viruses · 2023Pooled it
- Severity and Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Compared with Primary Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review.Global health research and policy · 2022Pooled it
- Balancing strategies in vaccination and mask-wearing for Chinese medical staff in post-COVID-19 era: a modelling study and cost-effectiveness analysis.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Spatio-temporal forecasting of COVID-19 cases in the Netherlands for source and contact tracing.International journal of population data science · 2025Article
- Estimation of outpatient SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and recurrence rates and associated factors among COVID-19 hospitalized patients over one-year old: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A global systematic review and meta-analysis on the emerging evidence on risk factors, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A).Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
- Article
- Reinfections from SARS-CoV-2: A Retrospective Study from the Gyncentrum Genetic Laboratory in Sosnowiec, Poland, April 2020 to July 2022.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2023Article
- Risk Stratification Model for Severe COVID-19 Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- The COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage in ICU Patients with Severe COVID-19 Infection in a Country with Low Vaccination Coverage-A National Retrospective Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 reinfection during the epidemic period in Yangzhou city, Jiangsu province.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 reinfections in Mexico City: implications for public health.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Clinical Features and Outcomes in Elderly Patients during Six Pandemic Waves.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- How many asymptomatic cases were unconfirmed in the US COVID-19 pandemic? The evidence from a serological survey.Chaos, solitons, and fractals · 2022Article
- Epidemiological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Article
- Risk and severity of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections during 2020-2022 in Vojvodina, Serbia: A population-level observational study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAs the COVID-19 pandemic rages on, reports on disparities in vaccine roll out alongside COVID-19 reinfection have been emerging. We conducted a systematic review to assess the determinants and disease spectrum of COVID-19 reinfection. MATERIALS AND
methodsA comprehensive search covering relevant databases was conducted for observational studies reporting Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) confirmed infection and reinfection cases. A quality assessment tool developed by the National Institute of Health (NIH) for the assessment of case series was utilized. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 for pooled proportions of findings in first infection and reinfection with a 95% confidence interval (CI).
resultsEighty-one studies reporting 577 cases were included from 22 countries. The mean age of patients was 46.2 ± 18.9 years and 179 (31.0%) cases of comorbidities were reported. The average time duration between first infection and reinfection was 63.6 ± 48.9 days. During first infection and reinfection, fever was the most common symptom (41.4% and 36.4%, respectively) whilst anti-viral therapy was the most common treatment regimen administered (44.5% and 43.0%, respectively). Comparable odds of symptomatic presentation and management were reported for the two infections. However, a higher Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission rate was observed in reinfection compared to first infection (10 vs 3). Ten deaths were reported with respiratory failure being the most common cause of death (7/10 deaths).
conclusionOur findings support immunization practices given increased ICU admissions and mortality in reinfections. Our cohort serves as a guide for clinicians and authorities in devising an optimal strategy for controlling the pandemic. (249 words).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.