Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34899760›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021

Advanced Imaging Techniques for Differentiating Pseudoprogression and Tumor Recurrence After Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma.

Yan Li, Yiqi Ma, Zijun Wu, Ruoxi Xie, Fanxin Zeng, Huawei Cai, Su Lui, Bin Song, Lei Chen, Min Wu

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Vaccine-based cancer immunotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a time-to-event meta-analysis of phase II and III randomized controlled trials.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
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  10. Monitoring Pharmacological Treatment of Breast Cancer with MRI.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Yan LiHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Yiqi MaHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Zijun WuHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ruoxi XieHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Fanxin ZengDepartment of Clinic Medical Center, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, China.
Huawei CaiLaboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Su LuiHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Bin SongHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Lei ChenDepartment of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Min WuHuaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system with poor prognosis. Although the field of immunotherapy in glioma is developing rapidly, glioblastoma is still prone to recurrence under strong immune intervention. The major challenges in the process of immunotherapy are evaluating the curative effect, accurately distinguishing between treatment-related reactions and tumor recurrence, and providing guidance for clinical decision-making. Since the conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is usually difficult to distinguish between pseudoprogression and the true tumor progression, many studies have used various advanced imaging techniques to evaluate treatment-related responses. Meanwhile, criteria for efficacy evaluation of immunotherapy are constantly updated and improved. A standard imaging scheme to evaluate immunotherapeutic response will benefit patients finally. This review mainly summarizes the application status and future trend of several advanced imaging techniques in evaluating the efficacy of GBM immunotherapy.

Indexed as

ImmunotherapyMagnetic Resonance ImagingMolecular ImprintingPositron-Emission TomographyAnimalsBrain NeoplasmsDiagnosis, DifferentialDiffusion Magnetic Resonance ImagingDisease ProgressionGlioblastomaHumansMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalPredictive Value of TestsTime FactorsTreatment Outcomeadvanced imagingglioblastomaimmunotherapypseudoprogressiontreatment responsetumor recurrence

Identifiers

PMID34899760
PMCPMC8656432

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.