Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34899477›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021

The Relationship Between Self-Control and Internet Addiction Among Students: A Meta-Analysis.

Shiqi Li, Ping Ren, Ming Ming Chiu, Chenxin Wang, Hao Lei

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07002515 (The Effect of Health Education on Digital Game Addiction and Health Promotion Behavior in Adolescents), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07002515 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The Effect of Health Education on Digital Game Addiction and Health Promotion Behavior in Adolescents

TypeinterventionalSponsorSaglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gulhane Tip FakultesiRan2025 to 2025Enrolled160ConditionsInternet Addiction Disorder, Health Promotion, Digital Game Addiction, AdolescentArmsHealth Education Program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shiqi LiGraduate School of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Ping RenSchool of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.
Ming Ming ChiuDepartment of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Chenxin WangInstitute of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Hao LeiInstitute of Curriculum and Instruction, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As past studies of self-control and Internet addiction showed mixed results, this meta-analysis of 83 primary studies with 80,681 participants determined whether (a) these students with less self-control had greater Internet addiction, and (b) age, culture, gender, Internet addiction measures, or year moderated these relations. We used a random-effects meta-analysis of Pearson product-moment coefficients

Indexed as

internet addictionmeta-analysismoderator analysisself-controlstudents

Identifiers

PMID34899477
PMCPMC8653951

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.