ArticlePloS one2021
Causal effect of atrial fibrillation/flutter on chronic kidney disease: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- The preventive effect of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Causal relationships between cerebrospinal fluid metabolites, immune cell traits, and head and neck cancers.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in the application of Mendelian randomization to chronic kidney disease.Renal failure · 2024Review
- The Relationship between Negative Emotions and Atrial Fibrillation: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Kidney Function Measures and Mortality: A Mendelian Randomization Study.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2024Article
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease may causally associate with the increased atrial fibrillation risk: evidence from two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- The causal relationship between immune cells and diabetic retinopathy: a Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Major depression disorder may causally associate with the increased atrial fibrillation risk: evidence from two-sample mendelian randomization analyses.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and atrial fibrillation are both major burdens on the health care system worldwide. Several observational studies have reported clinical associations between CKD and atrial fibrillation; however, causal relationships between these conditions remain to be elucidated due to possible bias by confounders and reverse causations. Here, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using publicly available summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (the CKDGen consortium and the UK Biobank) to investigate causal associations between CKD and atrial fibrillation/flutter in the European population. Our study suggested a causal effect of the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter on the decrease in serum creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and revealed a causal effect of the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter on the risk of CKD (odds ratio, 9.39 per doubling odds ratio of atrial fibrillation/flutter; 95% coefficient interval, 2.39-37.0; P = 0.001), while the causal effect of the decrease in eGFR on the risk of atrial fibrillation/flutter was unlikely. However, careful interpretation and further studies are warranted, as the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Further, our sample size was relatively small and selection bias was possible.
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Registered trials
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