Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34897836›Full record

ReviewAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2022

Flexible Electronics and Devices as Human-Machine Interfaces for Medical Robotics.

Wenzheng Heng, Samuel Solomon, Wei Gao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
107citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

107 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. ZrPolymers · 2026
    Article
  9. Organic Crystal-MXene Composites as Temperature-Tolerant Strain Sensors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Recent Advances in Decoupling Strategies for Soft Sensors.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  17. Ionogel-based flexible electronics.National science review · 2026
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Wenzheng HengAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
Samuel SolomonAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
Wei GaoAndrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-4562

Funding

Laser-Engraved Wearable Sweat Sensors to Detect and Monitor Cardiometabolic DiseaseR01HL155815 · NHLBI · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GAO, WEI · 2021 to 2025
$2.0M
California Institute of TechnologyNASA NNX16AO69ANHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL155815NIH HHS R01HL155815Office of Naval Research N00014-21-1-2483Office of Naval Research N00014-21-1-2845the Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program R01RG3746
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medical robots are invaluable players in non-pharmaceutical treatment of disabilities. Particularly, using prosthetic and rehabilitation devices with human-machine interfaces can greatly improve the quality of life for impaired patients. In recent years, flexible electronic interfaces and soft robotics have attracted tremendous attention in this field due to their high biocompatibility, functionality, conformability, and low-cost. Flexible human-machine interfaces on soft robotics will make a promising alternative to conventional rigid devices, which can potentially revolutionize the paradigm and future direction of medical robotics in terms of rehabilitation feedback and user experience. In this review, the fundamental components of the materials, structures, and mechanisms in flexible human-machine interfaces are summarized by recent and renowned applications in five primary areas: physical and chemical sensing, physiological recording, information processing and communication, soft robotic actuation, and feedback stimulation. This review further concludes by discussing the outlook and current challenges of these technologies as a human-machine interface in medical robotics.

Indexed as

RoboticsElectronicsHumansQuality of Lifeflexible electronicshuman-machine interactionsmachine learningmedical roboticsprostheticsrehabilitation

Identifiers

PMID34897836
PMCPMC9035141

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.