ReviewJournal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics2022
State and Local Healthy Kids' Meal Laws in the United States: A Review and Content Analysis.
Review in Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of Financial Incentives and Default Options on Food Choices of Adults With Low Income in Online Retail Settings: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Policy on Paper compared with Policy in Practice: A Study of Healthy Default Beverage Implementation and Enforcement in the United States.Current developments in nutrition · 2026Article
- A Natural Experiment to Evaluate Changes in Kids' Meal Beverages in Fast-Food Restaurants Following a Healthy Default Policy, 2019-2022.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2025Article
- Changes in chain restaurant kids' meal beverage offerings on online ordering platforms after a healthy beverage default policy in New Orleans, Louisiana.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of Multifactorial Determinants of Childhood Eating Behaviors: Insights and Interventions Using the Social Ecological Model.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- How Salty Is Too Salty? Designing Sodium Warning Label Policies to Identify High-Sodium Items on Restaurant Menus in the United States.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Fast-Food Restaurant Kids' Meal Beverage Offerings 1 Year After a State-Level Healthy Beverage Default Policy.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Short-Term Changes in Fast-Food Restaurant Online Kids' Meal Beverage Offerings Following a State-Level Healthy Beverage Default Policy.Current developments in nutrition · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo address unhealthy restaurant food intake among children, localities and states are passing healthy restaurant kids' meal laws. However, there is limited knowledge of what these policies require and how they compare with expert and industry nutrition standards.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to develop a research instrument to evaluate healthy kids' meal laws and assess their alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards.
designThe study team conducted a content analysis of healthy kids' meal laws passed between January 2010 and August 2020 in the United States. Using a structured codebook, two researchers abstracted policy elements and implementation language from laws, regulations, fiscal notes, and policy notes. Nutritional criteria for kids' beverages and meals were compared with existing expert and industry nutrition standards for meals and beverages.
main outcome measuresMeasures included law characteristics, implementation characteristics, enforcement characteristics, definitions of key terms, and nutritional requirements for meals and default beverage options and alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Interrater reliability of the coding tool was estimated using the Cohen kappa statistic, and researchers calculated descriptive statistics of policy elements.
resultsTwenty laws were identified. Eighteen were healthy default beverage policies, two were toy restriction policies, and one was a nutrition standards policy. The nutrition standards, default beverage offerings, and implementation characteristics varied by location. No law met the expert nutrition standards for kids' meals or beverages.
conclusionsThe variations in policy specifications may influence how restaurants implement the policies, and, consequently, the policies' influences on children's consumption. Future policies could use expert nutrition standards to inform the standards set for kids' meals and specify supports for implementation.
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Registered trials
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