ArticleChemico-biological interactions2022
Comparisons of the immunological landscape of COVID-19 patients based on sex and disease severity by multi-omics analysis.
Article in Chemico-biological interactions, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeted and untargeted cross-sectional study for sex-specific identification of plasma biomarkers of COVID-19 severity.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Association between iron homestasis and all-cause mortality in acute pancreatitis: A retrospective MIMIC-IV database analysis.Medicine · 2025Observational
- Sleep behaviors modify the association between hemoglobin concentration and respiratory infection: a prospective cohort analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- HYGIEIA: HYpothesizing the Genesis of Infectious Diseases and Epidemics through an Integrated Systems Biology Approach.Viruses · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveTo determine the differences in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection of patients based on sex and disease severity.
methodsWe used an analytical framework of 382 transcriptional modules and multi-omics analyses to discriminate COVID-19 patients based on sex and disease severity.
resultsMale and female patients overexpressed modules related to the innate immune response. The expression of modules related to the adaptive immune response showed lower enrichment levels in males than females. Inflammation modules showed ascending overexpression in male and female patients, while a higher level was observed in severe female patients. Moderate female patients demonstrated significant overexpression to interferon, cytolytic lymphocyte, T & B cells, and erythrocytes modules. Moderate female patients showed a higher adaptive immune response than males matched group. Pathways involved in metabolism dysregulation and Hippo signaling were upregulated in females than in male patients. Females and moderate cases showed higher levels of metabolic dysregulation.
conclusionsThe immune landscape in COVID-19 patients was noticeably different between the sexes, and these differences may highlight disease vulnerability in males. This study suggested that certain treatments that increase or decrease the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 might be necessary for male and female patients at certain disease stages.
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