Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34896057›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Medical Directors Association2022

Reliability and Validity of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia and Invariance Between Black Versus White Residents in Nursing Homes.

Barbara Resnick, Kimberly Van Haitsma, Ann Kolanowski, Elizabeth Galik, Marie Boltz, Jeanette Ellis, Liza Behrens, Karen Eshraghi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Considerations for Use of the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia Among Assisted Living Residents: Factor Analysis Results.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Trial
  2. Review
  3. Prevalent Diagnosed Depression in Relation to Contextual Isolation Among Nursing Home Residents in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Barbara ResnickUniversity of Maryland School of Nursing, Organizational Systems and Adult Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: Resnick@umaryland.edu.
Kimberly Van HaitsmaPennsylvania State University, School of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA.
Ann KolanowskiPennsylvania State University, School of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA.
Elizabeth GalikUniversity of Maryland School of Nursing, Organizational Systems and Adult Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Marie BoltzPennsylvania State University, School of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA.
Jeanette EllisUniversity of Maryland School of Nursing, Organizational Systems and Adult Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Liza BehrensPennsylvania State University, School of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA.
Karen EshraghiPennsylvania State University, School of Nursing, University Park, PA, USA.

Funding

The Impact of Gender Differences on Identification and Treatment of BPSD in Nursing Home Residents with DementiaR01NR015982 · NINR · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI KOLANOWSKI, ANN M, RESNICK, BARBARA · 2016 to 2020
$2.4M
NINR NIH HHS R01 NR015982
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe purpose of this study was to expand on prior work testing invariance on several depression measures in community-based older adults and explore the psychometric properties and evidence of invariance between racial groups based on the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia.

designThis was a descriptive measurement study. SETTING AND

participantsThis was a secondary data analysis using baseline data from 2 studies: Testing the Implementation of the Evidence Integration Triangle for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms Associated with Dementia and the study Testing the Impact of Function and Behavior Focused Care for Nursing Home Residents with Dementia. Combined, 67 nursing homes participated from 2 states and 889 residents were recruited. The mean age of the participants was 86.58 (SD 10.31) and most were women (72%) and White (70%).

methodsThis was a descriptive study, and a Rasch analysis was done to establish reliability based on internal consistency and evidence of differential item functioning (DIF) across races. Validity was based on item fit and model testing with structural equation modeling to compare models between White and Black participants.

resultsThere was evidence of internal consistency (alpha coefficient of 0.98) and no significant evidence of DIF. The item related to suicide had a high logit and did not significantly load onto the measurement model for Black individuals. There was not a good spread of the items across the concept of depression. The model had a better fit with the items when used with White versus Black participants. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The findings indicate that it would be helpful to add some additional items that reflect depressive symptoms among this population. Further, the findings serve as a reminder that this measure may be biased toward identification of symptoms of depression among White versus Black residents.

Indexed as

DementiaDepressionAgedFemaleHumansMaleNursing HomesPsychometricsReproducibility of ResultsDementiadepressiondisparitiesmeasurementnursing homes

Identifiers

PMID34896057
PMCPMC9174344

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.