Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34895192›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2021

Health care experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic by race and social determinants of health among adults age ≥ 58 years in the REGARDS study.

Emily B Levitan, Virginia J Howard, Mary Cushman, Suzanne E Judd, Stephanie E Tison, Ya Yuan, Debora Kamin Mukaz, Henry E Wang, Nathalie Pamir, Timothy B Plante and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Emily B LevitanSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA. elevitan@uab.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5429-3852
Virginia J HowardSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
Mary CushmanDepartment of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Suzanne E JuddSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
Stephanie E TisonSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
Ya YuanSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-0022, USA.
Debora Kamin MukazDepartment of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Henry E WangDepartment of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Nathalie PamirOregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Timothy B PlanteDepartment of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
Stephen P JuraschekBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Monika M SaffordWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Parag GoyalWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
University of Alabama at Birmingham · USUniversity of Vermont · USCornell University · USBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · USOregon Health & Science University · USThe Ohio State University · US

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
Vermont Center for Cardiovascular and Brain HealthP20GM135007 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI Kathryn H Morelli · 2020 to 2026
$17.4M
Identification of the role of HDL function in human cardiovascular disease through proteomics and geneticsR01HL136373 · NHLBI · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI PAMIR, NATHALIE · 2018 to 2022
$2.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS OT2 HL158276NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL136373NIA NIH HHS U01 NS041588NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM135007NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnderstanding health care experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic may provide insights into patient needs and inform policy. The objective of this study was to describe health care experiences by race and social determinants of health.

methodsWe conducted a telephone survey (July 6, 2020-September 4, 2021) among 9492 Black and White participants in the longitudinal REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke cohort study, age 58-105 years, from the continental United States. Among participants with symptoms of COVID-19, outcomes were: 1. Sought care or advice for the illness; 2. Received a SARS-CoV-2 test for the illness; and 3. Tested positive. Among participants without symptoms of COVID-19, outcomes were: 1. Wanted a test; 2. Wanted and received a test; 3. Did not want but received a test; and 4. Tested positive. We examined these outcomes overall and in subgroups defined by race, household income, marital status, education, area-level poverty, rural residence, Medicaid expansion, public health infrastructure ranking, and residential segregation.

resultsThe average age of participants was 76.8 years, 36% were Black, and 57% were female. Among participants with COVID-19 symptoms (n = 697), 74% sought care or advice for the illness, 50% received a SARS-CoV-2 test, and 25% had a positive test (50% of those tested). Among participants without potential COVID-19 symptoms (n = 8795), 29% wanted a SARS-CoV-2 test, 22% wanted and received a test, 8% did not want but received a test, and 1% tested positive; a greater percentage of participants who were Black compared to White wanted (38% vs 23%, p < 0.001) and received tests (30% vs 18%, p < 0.001) and tested positive (1.4% vs 0.8%, p = 0.005).

conclusionsIn this national study of older US adults, many participants with potential COVID-19 symptoms and asymptomatic participants who desired testing did not receive COVID-19 testing.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdultAgedAged, 80 and overCohort StudiesCOVID-19 TestingDelivery of Health CareFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Social Determinants of HealthUnited StatesCOVID-19Health care accessSocial determinants of health

Identifiers

PMID34895192
PMCPMC8665704
OpenAlexW4200457365

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.