ReviewAutonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical2022
Regulation of acute reflectory hyperinflammation in viral and other diseases by means of stellate ganglion block. A conceptual view with a focus on Covid-19.
Review in Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Olfactory Dysfunction: A Prospective Pilot Study
Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Parosmia: Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block on inflammatory cytokines and postoperative recovery after partial hepatectomy: a randomised clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Neuraltherapeutic Medicine in Post-Acute COVID-19 Vaccination Syndrome (PACVS): A Critical Review with a Case Report.Restorative neurology and neuroscience · 2026Review
- α2δ-1-NMDAR1 complex in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus mediates anxiety-induced sympathetic hyperactivity.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2026Article
- Advances in the clinical application of stellate ganglion block for non-pain indications.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
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- Conversion of sustained supraventricular tachycardia into sinus rhythm after stellate ganglion block: A case report and pathophysiological considerations.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Stellate ganglia block reduces airway hyperresponsiveness with modulates the IKK/NF-κB/IL-4/IL-5/IL-13 pathway.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- A Systematic Review of Case Reports of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in COVID-19 Patients.Cureus · 2025Review
- Improved early postoperative cognition in elderly gastrointestinal patients: a randomized controlled trial on the role of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- The COVID-19 thrombus: distinguishing pathological, mechanistic, and phenotypic features and management.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2025Review
- Clinical studies in COVID-related olfactory disorders: Review of an institutional experience.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2024Article
- Musculoskeletal and Neuropathic Pain in COVID-19.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Infections in the Etiology of Parkinson's Disease and Synucleinopathies: A Renewed Perspective, Mechanistic Insights, and Therapeutic Implications.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2024Review
- Objective Evaluation of Stellate Ganglion Block Effects Using Ultrasound Wave Intensity Technology: A Study on Hemodynamics.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Neurological symphony: post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, an innovative pathophysiological exploration from neuraltherapeutic medicine.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2024Review
- Stellate Ganglion Block for the Treatment of COVID-19-Induced Olfactory Dysfunction: A Prospective Pilot Study.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Use of Low-Dose Local Anesthetics in Pain, Inflammation, and Other Clinical Conditions: A Systematic Scoping Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Stellate Ganglion Block Relieves Long COVID-19 Symptoms in 86% of Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Cureus · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Whereas the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the immune system used to be assigned separate functions, it has now become clear that the ANS and the immune system (and thereby inflammatory cascades) work closely together. During an acute immune response (e. g., in viral infection like Covid-19) the ANS and the immune system establish a fast interaction resulting in "physiological" inflammation. Based on our knowledge of the modulation of inflammation by the ANS we propose that a reflectory malfunction of the ANS with hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) may be involved in the generation of acute hyperinflammation. We believe that sympathetic hyperactivity triggers a hyperresponsiveness of the immune system ("cytokine storm") with consecutive tissue damage. These reflectory neuroimmunological and inflammatory cascades constitute a general reaction principle of the organism under the leadership of the ANS and does not only occur in viral infections, although Covid-19 is a typical current example therefore. Within the overreaction several interdependent pathological positive feedback loops can be detected in which the SNS plays an important part. Consequently, there is a chance to regulate the hyperinflammation by influencing the SNS. This can be achieved by a stellate ganglion block (SGB) with local anesthetics, temporarily disrupting the pathological positive feedback loops. Thereafter, the complex neuroimmune system has the chance to reorganize itself. Previous clinical and experimental data have confirmed a favorable outcome in hyperinflammation (including pneumonia) after SGB (measurable e. g. by a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.