ArticleThe American journal of emergency medicine2022
Secondary traumatic stress, anxiety, and depression among emergency healthcare workers in the middle of the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study.
Article in The American journal of emergency medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondary traumatic stress and burnout in healthcare professional: systematic review and a meta-analysis based on correlation coefficient.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence and associated factors of secondary traumatic stress in emergency nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Current status and influencing factors of anxiety in patients with malignant tumors after anesthesia recovery.World journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Moral Distress Among Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Nursing open · 2026Article
- Comparison of stress, anxiety, and depression between pre-hospital emergency operational staff and hospital emergency department nurses.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
- Coping profiles and their association with vicarious post-traumatic growth among nurses during the three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of clinical nursing · 2025Article
- Associations of Lifestyle Behaviors with Anxiety and Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Article
- Prevalence and correlates of depression and anxiety among nursing staff in the post-COVID-19 era: a cross-sectional study from southern Iran.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Social support, financial status, and depression among French healthcare workers one year after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Effects of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress on current drug use among healthcare workers: Differences by occupational level.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the magnitude and predictors of the long-term psychological impact of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers in Vietnam: a multi-center, cross-sectional study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- The Relationship Between Secondary Traumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Coping Styles in Healthcare Workers After the Kahramanmaraş 2023 Earthquakes.Turk psikiyatri dergisi = Turkish journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Influence of the continuing COVID-19 epidemic on sleep quality and psychological status of healthcare workers in private institutions.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- Does moral distress in emergency department nurses contribute to intentions to leave their post, specialisation, or profession: A systematic review.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2024Review
- Association of COVID-19 preventive behavior and job-related stress with the sleep quality of healthcare workers one year into the COVID-19 outbreak: a Japanese cross-sectional survey.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2024Article
- Current Status and Influencing Factors of Secondary Traumatic Stress in Emergency and Intensive Care nurses:A Cross-Sectional Analysis.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
- Exploring Secondary Traumatic Stress as a Post-Pandemic Challenge for Healthcare Workers Practicing in Saudi Arabia.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Healing the healers: A systematic review on the burden of secondary traumatic stress among healthcare providers.Journal of education and health promotion · 2024Review
- The workload change and depression among emergency medical staff after the open policy during COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey in Shandong, China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aims to determine the secondary traumatic stress (STS), anxiety, and depression levels of the emergency healthcare workers (HCWs) and to identify the factors associated with the mental health of the emergency HCWs.
methodsThis prospective cross-sectional study was performed between April 1 and May 1, 2021. Emergency nurses and auxiliary staff who gave informed consent were included in the study. Participants who answered the questions incompletely were excluded from the study. Demographic information, working and living conditions, STS, anxiety, depression scores, and coping strategies were recorded.
resultsA total of 363 HCWs were included in the study. STS was detected in 261 (71.9%) of the participants, anxiety in 148 (40.8%), and depression in 203 (55.9%) participants. Vaccination against COVID-19 was not associated with STS, anxiety, and depression among emergency HCWs (p > 0.05). Having financial difficulties was the most important factor in the development of anxiety, depression, and STS (OR: 3.68 (95% CI 1.96-6.90), p < 0.001; OR: 4.36 (95% CI 2.52-7.53), p < 0.001; OR: 5.35 (95% CI 3.06-9.37), p < 0.001, respectively). We found significantly reduced levels of STS, anxiety, and depression among participants reporting coping strategies that engaging in hobbies, healthy nutrition, and reading books.
conclusionHigh levels of STS, anxiety, and depression were determined among emergency nurses and auxiliary staff during the pandemic. Poor job satisfaction and financial difficulties were associated with the mental health of emergency HCWs. The mental health of the emergency HCWs should be evaluated regularly. In addition to professional psychological support, social and financial support should be provided as well.
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Registered trials
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