SynthesisClinical drug investigation2022
Semaglutide and Diabetic Retinopathy Risk in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Synthesis in Clinical drug investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive evaluation of GLP-1 receptor agonists: an umbrella review of clinical outcomes across multiple diseases.Nature communications · 2026Pooled it
- Ocular Adverse Events With Semaglutide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of semaglutide on arrhythmic, major cardiovascular, and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and diabetic retinopathy (DR) - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Associations of antidiabetic drugs with diabetic retinopathy in people with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- Psychiatric and eye disorders associated with use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- HbA1c kinetics as a prognostic marker of ophthalmic risk in GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy.Metabolism open · 2026Review
- Beyond Glycemic Control: Ocular Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists on Retinal Microvascular Alterations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Retinal Outcomes in Diabetes: Antihyperglycemic Therapy, EWDR, and Perioperative Considerations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Benefits and Risks of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Ocular Diseases: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- A narrative review on tirzepatide's therapeutic potential in glycemic control and cardioprotection.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Safety and Tolerability of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review.Drugs · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Review on the Cardioprotective and Nephroprotective Effects of Semaglutide, and Its Therapeutic Efficacy and Mechanisms in Cardiorenal Syndrome.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Diabetes and the Retina: The Role of Medical Treatment.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
- Semaglutide in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Integrating Clinical Evidence with Mechanistic Insights.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Correlation between C-peptide and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists on Erectile Function: Friend or Foe?Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Increased vision impairment reports linked to semaglutide: analysis of FDA adverse event data.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Semaglutide and the Retina.Journal of diabetes · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSemaglutide is a recently approved glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The SUSTAIN 6 trial found a significantly higher rate of retinopathy complications in the semaglutide-treated group compared with the placebo group.
objectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the association between semaglutide and the risk of retinopathy in patients with T2DM.
methodsElectronic databases were systematically searched up to April 2021 to identify randomized controlled trials that reported diabetic retinopathy (DR) events in semaglutide-treated and control groups. A meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.4 software to calculate the risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
resultsA total of 23 randomized trials involving 22,096 patients with T2DM were included. There were 730 incident DR cases-463 in the semaglutide group and 267 in the control group. Overall, semaglutide was not associated with increased DR risk compared with controls when all trials were combined (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.98-1.33). Subgroup analysis showed that semaglutide was associated with an increased risk of DR compared with placebo (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.03-1.50). Moreover, patient age ≥ 60 years and diabetes duration ≥ 10 years were also factors for increased risk of DR when using semaglutide (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02-1.59; RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.04-1.58, respectively).
conclusionsSemaglutide was not associated with an increased risk of DR; however, caution regarding DR risk is needed for older patients or those with long diabetes duration when taking semaglutide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.