ReviewThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2022
Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression.
Review in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in placebo and antidepressant response to intranasal esketamine for treatment-resistant depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Effects of L-Menthol on Nociception in the Hot Plate Test and Acetic Acid Writhing Test in BALB/c Mice.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- (R)-Ketamine reduces alcohol intake and alcohol seeking induced by reconsolidation of alcohol-related memories in female Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Ketamine or Esketamine in Special Populations of Patients With Treatment-Resistant Depression.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Oral Ketamine in Patients with Depression and Suicidality: A Retrospective Study.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Sex, drugs, and arousal-two randomized trials on the effects of ketamine on sexual arousal and calcarine gyrus activity.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Rapid antidepressant effect of single-bout exercise is mediated by adiponectin-induced APPL1 nucleus translocation in anterior cingulate cortex.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Drug-specific recovery of long-term memory and visual discrimination after anaesthetic-induced unconsciousness in rats.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Mechanism of Microbiota-Gut-Brain in Perimenopausal Depression: An Inflammatory Perspective.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- A Preliminary Approach to Oral Low-Dose Ketamine Self-Administration in Mice (Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Sex and Age Differences in Ketamine Efficacy and Safety in Chronic Pain Alleviation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring Psychedelics for Unmet Needs in Women's Reproductive Health.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Review
- Environmental determinants of ketamine's prohedonic and antianhedonic efficacy: Persistence of enhanced reward responsiveness is modulated by chronic stress.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- A new module in the drug development process: preclinical multi-center randomized controlled trial of R-ketamine on alcohol relapse.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Insights for the Next Generation of Ketamine for the Treatment of Depressive Disorder.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Beyond NMDA Receptors: A Narrative Review of Ketamine's Rapid and Multifaceted Mechanisms in Depression Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- GluN2B on Adult-Born Granule Cells Modulates (R,S)-Ketamine's Rapid-Acting Effects in Mice.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Pre-adolescence repeat exposure to sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine induces long-lasting behaviors and cognition impairment in male and female rat adults.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2024Article
- Article
- The endogenous opioid system in the medial prefrontal cortex mediates ketamine's antidepressant-like actions.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric illness that manifests in sex-influenced ways. Men and women may experience depression differently and also respond to various antidepressant treatments in sex-influenced ways. Ketamine, which is now being used as a rapid-acting antidepressant, is likely the same. To date, the majority of studies investigating treatment outcomes in MDD do not disaggregate the findings in males and females, and this is also true for ketamine. This review aims to highlight that gap by exploring pre-clinical data-at a behavioral, molecular, and structural level-and recent clinical trials. Sex hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone, influence the response at all levels examined, and sex is therefore a critical factor to examine when looking at ketamine response. Taken together, the data show females are more sensitive to ketamine than males, and it might be possible to monitor the phase of the menstrual cycle to mitigate some risks associated with the use of ketamine for females with MDD. Based on the studies reviewed in this article, we suggest that ketamine should be administered adhering to sex-specific considerations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.