ArticleThe Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy2022
Specific mutations in the HIV-1 G-tract of the 3'-polypurine tract cause resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.
Article in The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-integrase mechanisms for dolutegravir resistance.Retrovirology · 2026Review
- Structural Basis of Polypurine Track Strand Displacement by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cooperation between HIV-1 integrase natural polymorphism K156N and 3'PPT mutations in dolutegravir monotherapy failure.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Elucidating the mechanism by which HIV-1 nucleocapsid mutations confer resistance to integrase strand transfer inhibitors.Science advances · 2025Article
- Elucidating the Mechanism by Which HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Mutations Confer Resistance to Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Reverse transcription of HIV-1 2-LTR circle transcripts does frequently cause 3'-polypurine tract mutations implicated in dolutegravir resistance.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Population-based nanopore sequencing of the HIV-1 pangenome to identify drug resistance mutations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- HIV-1 3'-Polypurine Tract Mutations Confer Dolutegravir Resistance by Switching to an Integration-Independent Replication Mechanism via 1-LTR Circles.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Review
- Drug Resistance to Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitors among HIV-1-Infected Adults in Guangdong, China.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Mutations in the 3'-PPT Lead to HIV-1 Replication without Integration.Journal of virology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn vitro selection experiments identified viruses resistant to integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) carrying mutations in the G-tract (six guanosines) of the 3'-polypurine tract (3'-PPT). A clinical study also reported that mutations in the 3'-PPT were observed in a patient receiving dolutegravir monotherapy. However, recombinant viruses with the 3'-PPT mutations that were found in the clinical study were recently shown to be susceptible to INSTIs.
objectivesTo identify the specific mutation(s) in the G-tract of the 3'-PPT for acquiring INSTI resistance, we constructed infectious clones bearing single or multiple mutations and systematically characterized the susceptibility of these clones to both first- and second-generation INSTIs.
methodsThe infectious clones were tested for their infectivity and susceptibility to INSTIs in a single-cycle assay using TZM-bl cells.
resultsA single mutation of thymidine (T) at the fifth position (GGG GTG) in the G-tract of the 3'-PPT had no effect on INSTI resistance. A double mutation, cytidine (C) or 'T' at the second position and 'T' at the fifth position (GCG GTG and GTG GTG), increased resistance to INSTIs, with the appearance of a plateau in the maximal percentage inhibition (MPI) of the dose-response curves, consistent with a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition.
conclusionsMutations at the second and fifth positions in the G-tract of the 3'-PPT may result in complex resistance mechanism(s), rather than simply affecting INSTI binding at the IN active site.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.