ArticleNature communications2021
The short isoform of the host antiviral protein ZAP acts as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 programmed ribosomal frameshifting.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of inhaled interferon-β1a on SARS-CoV-2 diversity and evolution.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Trial
- Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting in SARS-CoV-2: molecular mechanisms and implications for antiviral targeting.Virus genes · 2026Review
- hnRNPC facilitates coronavirus replication by directly binding the frameshift-stimulatory element of viral genomic RNA.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Coordinated translation initiation determines -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting efficiency of chromosomal genes to impact on cell fitness.The FEBS journal · 2026Article
- Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus antagonizes the host restriction factor SHFL to sustain viral programmed ribosomal frameshifting and replication.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Open questions on viral frameshifting: Exploiting the structural plasticity of the frameshifting element for therapeutic intervention.Biophysical journal · 2026Review
- The ISG Atlas: a loss-of-function analysis characterizes antiviral properties of interferon stimulated genes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Antivirals Identified from Small Molecule Modulators of Programmed -1 Ribosomal Frameshifting.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Lycorine Derivative Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication by Reducing -1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting via Targeting ZAP.MedComm · 2026Article
- RNA G-quadruplexes promote codon repeat-associated ribosomal frameshifting in human genes.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Host Responses to SARS-CoV-2 with an Emphasis on Cytokines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Characterization of RNA Structure Dynamics with Trans-Factors Using Single-Molecule Optical Tweezers.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Phosphorylation of Shiftless by casein kinase 1 δ/ε is required for its antiviral activity.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- HIV-2 evades restriction by ZAP through adaptations in the U3 LTR region despite increased CpG levels.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Mono-ADP-ribosylating PARP enzymes in cellular signaling and disease.Journal of cell science · 2025Review
- Stem loop binding protein promotes SARS-CoV-2 replication via -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Article
- The translational landscape of HIV-1 infected cells reveals key gene regulatory principles.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Giant RNA genomes: Roles of host, translation elongation, genome architecture, and proteome in nidoviruses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- RNA elements required for the high efficiency of West Nile virus-induced ribosomal frameshifting.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- IRE1α modulates M1 oncolytic virus sensitivity via ER stress regulation in bladder cancer.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2025Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a fundamental gene expression event in many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. It allows production of essential viral, structural and replicative enzymes that are encoded in an alternative reading frame. Despite the importance of PRF for the viral life cycle, it is still largely unknown how and to what extent cellular factors alter mechanical properties of frameshift elements and thereby impact virulence. This prompted us to comprehensively dissect the interplay between the SARS-CoV-2 frameshift element and the host proteome. We reveal that the short isoform of the zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP-S) is a direct regulator of PRF in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells. ZAP-S overexpression strongly impairs frameshifting and inhibits viral replication. Using in vitro ensemble and single-molecule techniques, we further demonstrate that ZAP-S directly interacts with the SARS-CoV-2 RNA and interferes with the folding of the frameshift RNA element. Together, these data identify ZAP-S as a host-encoded inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting and expand our understanding of RNA-based gene regulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.