ArticleEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists2022
Brain Fog in Hypothyroidism: Understanding the Patient's Perspective.
Article in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment Preferences in Patients With Hypothyroidism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Brain fatigue in Graves' disease: symptoms and presentation of a possible mechanism at the cellular level.European thyroid journal · 2026Review
- Psychometric properties of the thyroid-specific quality of life questionnaire ThyPRO-39 in patients with hypothyroidism.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Hippocampal NLRP1 inflammasome mediates anxiety-like behavior in mice with hypothyroidism.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Variable transduction of thyroid hormone signaling in structures of the mouse brain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Unraveling brain fog in post-COVID syndrome: Relationship between subjective cognitive complaints and cognitive function, fatigue, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Mapping Thyroid Hormone Action in the Human Brain.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Review
- Adaptation and Validation of the Turkish Version of the Brain Fog Scale.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid pregnant women is associated with slower productive language acquisition: the Odense child cohort study.European thyroid journal · 2024Article
- Impaired autonomic function and somatosensory disturbance in patients with treated autoimmune thyroiditis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Review
- Demographic, Healthcare Access, and Dietary Factors Associated With Thyroid Hormone Treatments for Hypothyroidism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Critical Approach to Hypothyroid Patients With Persistent Symptoms.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Hypothyroidism Among College Students and Its Association With Academic Performance: A Cross-Sectional Study.Cureus · 2023Article
- Are We Restoring Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Levothyroxine-Treated Patients With Residual Symptoms of Hypothyroidism?Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2023Review
- Patient needs and care: moves toward person-centered care for Graves' disease in Sweden.European thyroid journal · 2023Review
- Hypothyroidism: The difficulty in attributing symptoms to their underlying cause.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Iron: Not Just a Passive Bystander in AITD.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Enhancing the Patient Voice: Quality of Life, Satisfaction, and Preference During Treatment of Hypothyroidism.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePatient-centered studies have shown that several patients on thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism exhibit persistent symptoms, including "brain fog." Here, we aimed to determine which of these specific symptoms are associated with brain fog, identify patient-reported factors that modify these symptoms, and identify patient concerns related to brain fog not included in thyroid-specific questionnaires.
methodsA survey on brain fog symptoms adapted from thyroid-specific patient-reported outcome was distributed online. Textual data analysis was performed to identify common areas of concern from open-ended survey responses.
resultsA total of 5170 participants reporting brain fog while being treated for hypothyroidism were included in the analysis. Of these, 2409 (46.6%) participants reported symptom onset prior to the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, and 4096 (79.2%) participants experienced brain fog symptoms frequently. Of the symptoms listed, participants associated fatigue and forgetfulness most frequently with brain fog. More rest was the most common factor provided for improving symptoms. The textual data analysis identified areas of concern that are not often included in thyroid-specific quality of life questionnaires, including a focus on the diagnosis of hypothyroidism, the types and doses of medications, and the patient-doctor relationship.
conclusionBrain fog in patients treated for hypothyroidism was associated most frequently with fatigue and cognitive symptoms. Several additional areas of patient concern were found to be associated with brain fog, which are not typically addressed in thyroid-specific questionnaires.
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