Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34890527›Full record

ArticleInhalation toxicology

Whole-body inhalation exposure to 2-ethyltoluene for two weeks produced nasal lesions in rats and mice.

Madelyn C Huang, Cynthia J Willson, Sridhar Jaligama, Gregory L Baker, Alan W Singer, Yu Cao, Jessica Pierfelice, Esra Mutlu, Brian Burback, Guanhua Xie and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Inhalation toxicology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Madelyn C HuangDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8286-4408
Cynthia J WillsonIntegrated Laboratory Systems, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Sridhar JaligamaBattelle, Columbus, OH, USA.
Gregory L BakerBattelle, Columbus, OH, USA.
Alan W SingerBattelle, Columbus, OH, USA.
Yu CaoBattelle, Columbus, OH, USA.
Jessica PierfeliceBattelle, Columbus, OH, USA.
Esra MutluDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6125-4045
Brian BurbackBattelle, Columbus, OH, USA.
Guanhua XieSocial and Scientific Services, Durham, NC, USA.
David E MalarkeyDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Barney SparrowBattelle, Columbus, OH, USA.
Kristen RyanDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Matthew StoutDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
Georgia K RobertsDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1933-7482

Funding

Toxicological Assessments for the National Toxicology ProgramZIAES103316 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI WALKER, NIGEL J · 2016 to 2019
$31.9M
Toxicologic Pathology Evaluations for the National Toxicology ProgramZIAES103319 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MALARKEY, DAVID · 2016 to 2019
$25.2M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA ES103316Intramural NIH HHS ZIA ES103319NIEHS NIH HHS HHSN273201400015CNIEHS NIH HHS HHSN273201400027CNIEHS NIH HHS HHSN273201500013CNIEHS NIH HHS HHSN273201600011CNIH HHS HHSN273201400015CNIH HHS HHSN273201400027CNIH HHS HHSN273201500013CNIH HHS HHSN273201600011CNIH HHS HHSN316201200014W
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveEthyltoluenes are isolated during crude oil refinement for use in gasoline and commercial products and are ubiquitous in the environment. However, minimal toxicity data are available. Previously, we identified 2-ethyltoluene (2-ET) as the most potent isomer via nose-only inhalation exposure in rodents. Here, we expanded the hazard characterization of 2-ET in two rodent models using whole-body inhalation exposure and evaluated the role of prenatal exposure.

methodsTime-mated Hsd:Sprague Dawley RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Exposure to ≥600 ppm 2-ET produced acute toxicity in rats and mice characterized by large decreases in survival, body weight, adverse clinical observations, and diffuse nasal olfactory epithelium degeneration (rats) or necrosis (mice). Due to the early removal of groups ≥600 ppm, most endpoint evaluations focused on lower exposure groups. In 150 and 300 ppm exposure groups, reproductive performance and littering were not significantly changed and body weights in exposed rats and mice were 9-18% lower than controls. Atrophy of the olfactory epithelium and nerves was observed in all animals exposed to 150 and 300 ppm. These lesions were more severe in mice than in rats.

conclusionNasal lesions were observed in all animals after whole-body exposure up to 600 ppm 2-ET for 2 weeks. Future studies should focus on 2-ET metabolism and distribution to better understand species differences and refine hazard characterization of this understudied environmental contaminant.

Indexed as

Inhalation ExposureAdministration, InhalationAnimalsFemaleMaleMiceMice, Inbred StrainsPregnancyRatsRats, Inbred F344Rats, Sprague-DawleyAlkylbenzeneinhalationoccupational exposurerodenttoxicity

Identifiers

PMID34890527
PMCPMC12311868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.