Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34890477›Full record

SynthesisAnatomical sciences education2022

One year of anatomy teaching and learning in the outbreak: Has the Covid-19 pandemic marked the end of a century-old practice? A systematic review.

Veronica Papa, Elena Varotto, Massimo Galli, Mauro Vaccarezza, Francesco M Galassi

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Anatomical sciences education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  20. Shifting online during COVID-19: A systematic review of teaching and learning strategies and their outcomes.International journal of educational technology in higher education · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Veronica PapaDepartment of Motor Sciences and Wellness, School of Sciences, Engineering and Health, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9995-1097
Elena VarottoForensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy.
Massimo GalliDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Mauro VaccarezzaCurtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3060-318X
Francesco M GalassiForensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

At the end of 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic spread caused restrictions in business and social spheres. Higher education was also severely affected: universities and medical schools moved online to distance learning and laboratory facilities closed. Questions arise about the long-term effects of this pandemic on anatomical education. In this systematic review, the authors investigated whether or not anatomical educators were able to deliver anatomical knowledge during this pandemic. They also discuss the challenges that anatomical education has faced over the last year. The search strategy was conducted between July 2020 and July 2021. Two hundred and one records were identified, and a total of 79 studies were finally included. How best to deliver anatomy to students remains a moot point. In the last years, the advent of new technologies has raised the question of the possible overcoming of dissection as the main instrument in anatomical education. The Covid-19 pandemic further sharpened the debate. Remote learning enhanced the use of technologies other than cadaveric dissection to teach anatomy. Moreover, from the analyzed records it appears that both from students' perspective as well as teachers' there is a clear tear between those who endorse dissection and those who believe it could be easily overcome or at least integrated by virtual reality and online learning. The authors strongly believe that the best anatomy teaching practice requires the careful adaptation of resources and methods. Nevertheless, they support cadaveric dissection and hope that it will not be replaced entirely as a result of this pandemic.

Indexed as

AnatomyCOVID-19Education, DistanceEducation, Medical, UndergraduateStudents, MedicalCurriculumHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Teachinganatomy laboratoriesbody donationcadaveric dissectionCovid-19gross anatomy educationinfectious diseasesmedical educationpandemic

Identifiers

PMID34890477
PMCPMC9011560

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.