ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2022
Intravenous administration of BCG protects mice against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 123 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Trial of BCG Vaccine to Protect against Covid-19 in Health Care Workers.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- The epigenetic-metabolic axis of trained immunity: dual roles in disease pathogenesis and intervention.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Trained immunity modulators: A new frontier in immunoregulation and disease intervention.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Diagnostic and immunological roles of leptin gene rs7799039 polymorphism and cytokines in COVID-19, HCV, and dual infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A co-evolutionary perspective on humans andeLife · 2026Review
- Mucosal immune cell priming by intranasally deliveredFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The RV144 Trial Might Still Yield Useful Information.Current HIV research · 2026Review
- Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- The macrocyclic peptide rhesus theta defensin 1 activates interferon and antiviral pathways in human monocytes.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Trained ILCs confer adaptive immunity-independent protection against influenza.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- BCG immunization mitigates SARS-CoV-2 replication in macaques via monocyte efferocytosis and neutrophil recruitment in lungs.JCI insight · 2025Article
- A recombinant BCG with surface-displayed antigen induces humoral and cellular immune responses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- How macrophage heterogeneity affects tuberculosis disease and therapy.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Deconvoluting the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity in BCG-induced nonspecific and TB-specific host resistance.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Beyond Tuberculosis: The Surprising Immunological Benefits of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine in Infectious, Auto-Immune, and Inflammatory Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Infection-induced trained immunity: a twist in paradigm of innate host defense and generation of immunological memory.Infection and immunity · 2025Review
- Dendritic cell dysfunction, including impaired IL-12 production, is associated with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2025Article
- The impact of mycobacteria-induced trained immunity on SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In addition to providing partial protection against pediatric tuberculosis, vaccination with bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been reported to confer nonspecific resistance to unrelated pulmonary pathogens, a phenomenon attributed to the induction of long-lasting alterations within the myeloid cell compartment. Here, we demonstrate that intravenous, but not subcutaneous, inoculation of BCG protects human-ACE2 transgenic mice against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) and results in reduced viral loads in non-transgenic animals infected with an α variant. The observed increase in host resistance was associated with reductions in SCV2-induced tissue pathology, inflammatory cell recruitment, and cytokine production that multivariate analysis revealed as only partially related to diminished viral load. We propose that this protection stems from BCG-induced alterations in the composition and function of the pulmonary cellular compartment that impact the innate response to the virus and ensuing immunopathology. While intravenous BCG vaccination is not a clinically acceptable practice, our findings provide an experimental model for identifying mechanisms by which nonspecific stimulation of the pulmonary immune response promotes host resistance to SCV2 lethality.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.