ArticleACR open rheumatology2022
Associations Between Smoking and Primary Sjögren Syndrome Classification Using the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance Cohort.
Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of smoking status on Sjögren's disease diagnosis and phenotype: results from a cohort study with matched population controls.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Major adverse cardiovascular events in Sjögren's disease: incidence, associated factors, and impact on mortality in a prospective multicenter cohort.Rheumatology international · 2026Article
- From endotypes to therapeutic targets: exploring the potential of precision treat-to-target approaches in primary Sjögren's disease.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Review
- Brazilian Registry of Sjögren's Disease (BRAS): a full picture of Sjögren's disease in Brazil.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2025Article
- Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy in the Differential Diagnosis of Sicca Syndrome: A Monocentric Cohort Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Impact of Tobacco Smoking on Systemic Sclerosis, Idiopathic Inflammatory Myositis, and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Clinical medicine insights. Arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Review
- An Early View of Iran Primary Sjogren Syndrome Registry (Guilan Province Pilot Phase), an Emerging Effort for a National Registry Establishment.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2024Article
- Genetics and epigenetics of primary Sjögren syndrome: implications for future therapies.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Review
- Sex differences in comorbidities associated with Sjögren's disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the association of smoking with Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) classification and pSS diagnostic test results. We hypothesized that past and current smokers would have lower odds of being classified as having Sjögren syndrome (SS) and lower odds of having abnormal individual SS diagnostic test results compared with nonsmokers.
methodsParticipants with suspected or established pSS were enrolled into the Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) registry and had oral, ocular, and rheumatologic examinations performed; blood and saliva samples collected; and labial salivary gland biopsy examinations performed; they also completed questionnaires at baseline. Logistic regression was used to determine whether smoking status was associated with pSS classification and individual pSS diagnostic test results.
resultsA total of 3514 participants were enrolled in SICCA. A total of 1541 (52.9%) met classification criteria for pSS. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had reduced odds of being classified as having pSS, reduced odds of having a focus score ≥ 1 and serologic positivity for anti-SSA/anti-SSB antibodies, and lower odds of having abnormal signs or test results of dry eye disease. Compared with never smokers, past smokers did not have a statistically significant reduction in odds of being classified as having pSS and of having abnormal individual pSS diagnostic test results.
conclusionCompared with never smokers, current smokers in the SICCA cohort had lower odds of being classified as having pSS, lower odds of exhibiting abnormal signs and test results for dry eye disease, and lower odds of having a labial salivary gland biopsy supportive of pSS classification. Such negative associations, however, do not suggest that current smoking is of any benefit with respect to pSS.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.