ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2021
Activation of Toll-Like Receptors by Live Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Reveals Mitigation of TLR4 Responses and Activation of TLR5 by Flagella.
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome Dysbiosis in Cancer Development: Mechanisms and Biomarker Potential.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Leuconostoc mesenteroides TH-ST373 Cell-Free Supernatant Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-activated PLCγ2 monocytes drive atrial fibrillation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- TLR4-Mediated Immune Dysfunction Links MASLD and Parkinson's Disease: Insights from an Omics-Based Network Analysis.NeuroSci · 2026Article
- Bacterial Communities as Modulators of Innate Immune Signalling: An In Vitro Perspective on Toll-Like Receptor Activation.Environmental microbiology reports · 2026Article
- Pattern recognition receptor signaling in otitis media: immune crosstalk and pathogenic mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular cytokine-dependent mechanisms of periodontitis pathogenesis and the potential for pharmacological IL-1 modulation in disease treatment.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting inflammasome, IL-1β, and coagulation in melioidosis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Disruption of Myd88 in a salmonid epithelioid cell line reveals its contribution to bacterial detection and immune response.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors and Viral Infections in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunoinformatics investigation on pathogenic Escherichia coli proteome to develop an epitope-based peptide vaccine candidate.Molecular diversity · 2025Article
- Article
- Unveiling the novel role of circadian rhythms in sepsis and septic shock: unexplored implications for chronotherapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- The immune response toFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Review
- Development and characterization of a first-in-class adjustable-dose gene therapy system.Gene · 2024Article
- Porcine beta defensin 2 attenuates inflammatory responses in IPEC-J2 cells against Escherichia coli via TLRs-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Review
- Immunoinformatic design of a multivalent vaccine againstFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Biodegradable scaffolds for enhancing vaccine delivery.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Successful bacterial pathogens have evolved to avoid activating an innate immune system in the host that responds to the pathogen through distinct Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The general class of biochemical components that activate TLRs has been studied extensively, but less is known about how TLRs interact with the class of compounds that are still associated with the live pathogen. Accordingly, we examined the activation of surface assembled TLR 2, 4, and 5 with live Tier 1 Gram-negative pathogens that included
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.