ArticleWorld journal of orthopedics2021
Role of coatings and materials of external fixation pins on the rates of pin tract infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in World journal of orthopedics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hydroxyapatite-coated compared with stainless steel external fixation pins did not show impact in the rate of pin track infection: a multicenter prospective study.International orthopaedics · 2023Trial
- Pin Tract Infections in Pediatric Open Long Bone Fractures: Common but Clinically Manageable.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of the Ilizarov apparatus on external fixation: Current modifications of the 75-year-old orthopedic tool.World journal of orthopedics · 2025Review
- Pin-tract infection is an important factor associated with pin loosening during external fixation: a prospective analysis of 47 consecutive patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Do Stainless-Steel Pins Coated with Fibroblast Growth Factor-Calcium Phosphatase Composite Layers Have Anti-Infective Effects?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- In-vitro external fixation pin-site model proof of concept: A novel approach to studying wound healing in transcutaneous implants.Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of engineering in medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfection at the pin tract is a frequent and feared complication of external fixators (EF). The type of pin material and coatings have been regarded as possibly influencing infection rates. Over the last 20 years, few prospective clinical studies and systematic reviews addressed the role of coated pins on the rate of pin site infection in human clinical studies.
aimTo assess the EF literature over the past 20 years on the clinical benefits of pins manufactured from varied materials and coating systems and their possible role in pin tract infection rates.
methodsWe performed a systematic review according to the PRISMA and PICOS guidelines using four scientific platforms: PubMed, LiLacs, SciELO, and Cochrane. We searched the literature for related publications over the past 20 years.
resultsA literature search yielded 29 articles, among which seven met the inclusion criteria. These studies compared stainless-steel pins and pins coated with hydroxyapatite (HA), titanium and silver. The pin tract infection definitions were arbitrary and not standardized among studies. Most studies included a low number of patients in the analysis and used a short follow-up time. Three meta-analyses were carried out, comparing stainless steel
conclusionCurrently, no clinical evidence supports the advantage of EF pins manufactured with materials other than stainless steel or coated over uncoated pins in reducing the rates of pin tract infections. A standardized definition of pin tract infection in external fixation is still lacking.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.