Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34888063›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical and translational science2021

Examining access to care in clinical genomic research and medicine: Experiences from the CSER Consortium.

Amanda M Gutierrez, Jill O Robinson, Simon M Outram, Hadley S Smith, Stephanie A Kraft, Katherine E Donohue, Barbara B Biesecker, Kyle B Brothers, Flavia Chen, Benyam Hailu and 14 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical and translational science, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Determinants of DNA-sequence-based Diagnostic Yield in the CSER Consortium.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Equity-focused implementation to enhance access to rare disease genomic research and understand diverse perspectives.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2026
    Article
  3. Observational
  4. Covering medical care costs for participants in the eMERGE Network: Challenges for equity and implementation.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2025
    Article
  5. Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Genomic Medicine: Considerations for Addressing Health Equity.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2025
    Article
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  14. Improving access to exome sequencing in a medically underserved population through the Texome Project.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Amanda M GutierrezCenter for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-5328
Jill O RobinsonCenter for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Simon M OutramProgram in Bioethics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Hadley S SmithCenter for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Stephanie A KraftTreuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Katherine E DonohueInstitute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
Barbara B BieseckerRTI International, GenOmics, BiOinformatics and Translational Science, Washington DC, USA.
Kyle B BrothersDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
Flavia ChenProgram in Bioethics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Benyam HailuNational Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Lucia A HindorffDivision of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Hannah HobanInstitute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Rebecca L HsuCenter for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Sara J KnightDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Barbara A KoenigUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Katie L LewisNational Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Kristen Hassmiller LichDepartment of Health Policy and Management, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Julianne M O'DanielDepartment of Genetics, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Sonia OkuyamaDivision of Hematology-Oncology, Denver Health and Hospital Authority, Denver, CO, USA.
Gail E TomlinsonDivision of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
Margaret WaltzDepartment of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Benjamin S WilfondTreuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
Sara L AckermanDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mary A MajumderCenter for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.

Funding

Utah Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR002538 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI HESS, RACHEL, MAJERSIK, JENNIFER JUHL · 2018 to 2022
$26.0M
North Carolina Clinical Genomic Evaluation by Next-gen Exome Sequencing 2U01HG006487 · NHGRI · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI BERG, JONATHAN S, POWELL, BRADFORD C. · 2012 to 2021
$22.7M
Measuring Perceptions of Utility of Clinical Genome Sequencing: Instrument Testing and ValidationU01HG006485 · NHGRI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI MCGUIRE, AMY L, PARSONS, DONALD W. · 2012 to 2021
$22.1M
Incorporating genomics into the clinical care of diverse NYC childrenU01HG009610 · NHGRI · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI GELB, BRUCE D, HOROWITZ, CAROL R · 2017 to 2021
$17.0M
Sharing Aggregate Genomics Research Findings with Diverse Participants: A Pilot Study of an Innovative Design StrategyU01HG009599 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI KOENIG, BARBARA A., KWOK, PUI-YAN · 2017 to 2021
$16.3M
Exome sequencing in Diverse Populations in Colorado & OregonU01HG007292 · NHGRI · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI LEO, MICHAEL C, WILFOND, BENJAMIN SIMON · 2017 to 2021
$15.7M
South-seq: DNA sequencing for newborn nurseries in the SouthU01HG007301 · NHGRI · HUDSON-ALPHA INSTITUTE FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY · PI BARSH, GREGORY STEFAN, COOPER, GREGORY MICHAEL · 2017 to 2021
$11.9M
Evolving Our Partnership: The CSER2 Centralized Support Coordinating CenterU24HG007307 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI FULLERTON, STEPHANIE MALIA, JARVIK, GAIL PAIRITZ · 2017 to 2021
$5.8M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002538NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG006485NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG006487NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG007292NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG007301NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG009599NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG009610NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG007307
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionEnsuring equitable access to health care is a widely agreed-upon goal in medicine, yet access to care is a multidimensional concept that is difficult to measure. Although frameworks exist to evaluate access to care generally, the concept of "access to genomic medicine" is largely unexplored and a clear framework for studying and addressing major dimensions is lacking.

methodsComprised of seven clinical genomic research projects, the Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research consortium (CSER) presented opportunities to examine access to genomic medicine across diverse contexts. CSER emphasized engaging historically underrepresented and/or underserved populations. We used descriptive analysis of CSER participant survey data and qualitative case studies to explore anticipated and encountered access barriers and interventions to address them.

resultsCSER's enrolled population was largely lower income and racially and ethnically diverse, with many Spanish-preferring individuals. In surveys, less than a fifth (18.7%) of participants reported experiencing barriers to care. However, CSER project case studies revealed a more nuanced picture that highlighted the blurred boundary between access to genomic research and clinical care. Drawing on insights from CSER, we build on an existing framework to characterize the concept and dimensions of access to genomic medicine along with associated measures and improvement strategies.

conclusionsOur findings support adopting a broad conceptualization of access to care encompassing multiple dimensions, using mixed methods to study access issues, and investing in innovative improvement strategies. This conceptualization may inform clinical translation of other cutting-edge technologies and contribute to the promotion of equitable, effective, and efficient access to genomic medicine.

Indexed as

access to careaccess to genomic medicinegeneticsgenetic testinggenome sequencingGenomicshealth disparitieshealth equityhealth policypersonalized medicineprecision medicine

Identifiers

PMID34888063
PMCPMC8634302

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.