Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34887670›Full record

ArticleDiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy2021

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Russian Population. The Ural Eye and Medical Study.

Mukharram M Bikbov, Timur R Gilmanshin, Rinat M Zainullin, Gyulli M Kazakbaeva, Ildar F Nuriyev, Artur F Zaynetdinov, Songhomitrra Panda-Jonas, Guzel M Bikbova, Ellina M Rakhimova, Iulia A Rusakova and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact, top 100% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Mukharram M BikbovUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Timur R GilmanshinUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Rinat M ZainullinUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Gyulli M KazakbaevaUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Ildar F NuriyevUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Artur F ZaynetdinovUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Songhomitrra Panda-JonasPrivatpraxis Prof Jonas und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0709-863X
Guzel M BikbovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Ellina M RakhimovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Iulia A RusakovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Timur A KhalimovUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.ORCID 0000-0001-7141-3214
Kamila R SafiullinaUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Albina A FakhretdinovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Azaliia M TuliakovaUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Ainur V GizzatovUfa Eye Research Institute, Ufa, Bashkortostan, Russia.
Jost B JonasDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2972-5227
Ufa Eye Research Institute · RUHeidelberg University · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo assess prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a Russian population.

methodsOut of 7328 eligible individuals, the population-based cross-sectional Ural Eye and Medical Study included 5899 (80.5%) individuals aged 40+ years, who underwent a detailed medical and ophthalmological examination. Using ocular fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic images, we assessed prevalence and degree of DR in 5105 participants.

resultsDR was present in 99/5105 individuals (1.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6, 2.3). Its prevalence increased from 6/657 (1.0%; 95% CI: 0.2, 1.6) in the age group of 45-50 years to 24/680 (3.5%; 95% CI: 2.1, 4.9) in the age group of 65-70 years, and decreased to 3/153 (2.0%; 95% CI: 0.00, 4.2) in the age group of 80+ years. DR prevalence within the 577 (11.4%; 95% CI: 10.5, 12.2) individuals with diabetes was 99/577 (17.2%; 95% CI: 14.1, 20.2). DR was the cause for moderate-to-severe vision impairment (best corrected visual acuity <6/18 but ≥3/60) in four individuals (4/5105; 0.07%). In multivariable analysis, higher DR prevalence was associated with higher serum glucose concentration (odds ratio [OR]: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.20, 141), longer diabetes duration (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.09), type of diabetes therapy (nil/diet/oral/insulin) (OR:4.19;95% CI:3.08, 5.70), lower educational level (OR:0.81;95% CI:0.67, 0.98), lower manual dynamometric force (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99), shorter ocular axial length (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.96), and higher diastolic blood pressure (OR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06), or alternatively, higher estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.18).

conclusionIn this urban and rural Russian population aged 40+ years, DR prevalence was relatively low (1.9%; 95% CI: 1.6, 2.3), showed an inverted U-shaped association with age, and in a cross-sectional study design it was associated with shorter axial length and higher estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure.

Indexed as

axial lengthblindnesscerebrospinal fluid pressurediabetic retinopathymyopiaural eye and medical study

Identifiers

PMID34887670
PMCPMC8650832
OpenAlexW3003414460

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.