Observational studyBMJ open respiratory research2021
Long-term outcomes following severe COVID-19 infection: a propensity matched cohort study.
Observational study in BMJ open respiratory research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective evidence.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term outcomes of dexamethasone 12 mg versus 6 mg in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia.Intensive care medicine · 2022Trial
- Exploring the experience of patients who receive a telephone follow-up call from intensive care unit nurse specialists following hospital discharge: A descriptive survey.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Article
- Propensity Score Matching: Identifying Opportunities for Future Use in Nursing Studies.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Descriptive Study to Assess Experiences and Care Needs of Patients With Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Oncology nursing forum · 2025Article
- Understanding hospital rehabilitation using electronic health records in patients with and without COVID-19.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Long-term effects on swallowing and laryngeal function after treatment for severe COVID-19 disease in intensive care.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- Evaluating Mental Health Outcomes in COVID-19 ICU Survivors: A Scoping Review of Measurement Tools.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mental, cognitive and physical outcomes after intensive care unit treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparison between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Hospital Memories and Six-Month Psychological Outcome: A Prospective Study in Critical Ill Patients with COVID-19 Respiratory Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Impact of COVID-19 on employment: sociodemographic, medical, psychiatric and neuropsychological correlates.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2023Article
- Long COVID as a functional somatic symptom disorder caused by abnormally precise prior expectations during Bayesian perceptual processing: A new hypothesis and implications for pandemic response.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
- Differences in HADS and SF-36 scores 1 year after critical illness in COVID-19 patients.Intensive care medicine · 2022Article
- Interviews with primary care physicians identify unmet transition needs after ICU.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Article
- Article
- Long-term cognitive functioning is impaired in ICU-treated COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive controlled neuropsychological study.Critical care (London, England) · 2022Observational
- Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Inflammation on Selected Organ Systems of the Human Body.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Rehabilitation and COVID-19: update of the rapid living systematic review by Cochrane Rehabilitation Field as of December 31st, 2021.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are limited data describing the long-term outcomes of severe COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate the long-term psychosocial and physical consequences of severe COVID-19 for patients.
methodsWe conducted a multicentre observational cohort study; between 3 and 7 months posthospital discharge, patients who had been admitted to critical care due to severe COVID-19 were invited to an established recovery service. Standardised questionnaires concerning emotional, physical and social recovery, including information on employment, were completed by patients. Using propensity score matching, we explored outcomes between patients admitted to critical care with and without COVID-19, using data from the same recovery programme.
resultsBetween July 2020 and December 2020, 93 patients who had been admitted to critical with COVID-19 participated. Emotional dysfunction was common: 46.2% of patients had symptoms of anxiety and 34.4% symptoms of depression. At follow-up 53.7% of previously employed patients had returned to employment; there was a significant difference in return to employment across the socio-economic gradient, with lower numbers of patients from the most deprived areas returning to employment (p=0.03). 91 (97.8%) COVID-19 patients were matched with 91 non-COVID-19 patients. There were no significant differences in any measured outcomes between the two cohorts.
interpretationEmotional and social problems are common in survivors of severe COVID-19 infection. Coordinated rehabilitation is required to ensure patients make an optimal recovery.
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