ArticleParasites & vectors2021
Increased Leishmania infantum resistance to miltefosine and amphotericin B after treatment of a dog with miltefosine and allopurinol.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis.Veterinary dermatology · 2025Guideline
- Trends and Gaps in the Scientific Literature about the Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Canine Leishmaniosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Direct quantitative PCR detects genetic biomarkers of antileishmanial drug resistance in clinical samples from dogs with leishmaniosis.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Updated Canine Leishmaniosis Working Group recommendations for leishmaniosis in dogs: Q&A on clinical management.Parasites & vectors · 2026Review
- Circulating immune complexes in dogs with Leishmania infantum infection in a non-endemic country.PloS one · 2026Article
- Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Unveiling prognostic indicators in canine leishmaniosis: two decades of evidence.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Treatment ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Progress in antileishmanial drugs: Mechanisms, challenges, and prospects.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Oregano essential oilFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Efficacy of meglumine antimoniate treatment on boxerFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- New immunomodulatory treatment protocol for canine leishmaniosis reduces parasitemia and proteinuria.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Nicotinamide mitigates visceral leishmaniasis by regulating inflammatory response and enhancing lipid metabolism.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Therapeutic success and failure in using miltefosine to treat dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2024Article
- Retrospective Long-Term Evaluation of Miltefosine-Allopurinol Treatment in Canine Leishmaniosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A case of canine visceral leishmaniasis of unknown origin in Curitiba (state of Paraná, Brazil) treated successfully with miltefosine.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2023Article
- Isolation, typing, and drug susceptibility of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum isolates from dogs of the municipality of Embu das Artes, an endemic region for canine leishmaniasis in Brazil.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Canine Leishmaniasis: Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention.Veterinary sciences · 2022Review
- Nutritional Modulation of the Immune Response Mediated by Nucleotides in Canine Leishmaniosis.Microorganisms · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeishmania infantum is the most important etiological agent of visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas and Mediterranean region, and the dog is the main host. Miltefosine was authorized to treat canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in Brazil in 2017, but there is a persistent fear of the emergence of parasites resistant not only to this drug but, through cross-resistance mechanisms, also to meglumine antimoniate and amphotericin B. Additionally, the literature shows that acquisition of resistance is followed by increased parasite fitness, with higher rates of proliferation, infectivity and metacyclogenesis, which are drivers of parasite virulence. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the impact of treating a dog with miltefosine and allopurinol on the generation of parasites resistant to miltefosine, amphotericin B and meglumine antimoniate.
methodsIn vitro susceptibility tests were conducted against miltefosine, amphotericin B and meglumine antimoniate with T0 (parasites isolated from a dog before treatment with miltefosine plus allopurinol), T1 (after 1 course of treatment) and T2 (after 2 courses of treatment) isolates. The rates of cell proliferation, infectivity and metacyclogenesis of the isolates were also evaluated.
resultsThe results indicate a gradual increase in parasite resistance to miltefosine and amphotericin B with increasing the number of treatment courses. An increasing trend in the metacyclogenesis rate of the parasites was also observed as drug resistance increased.
conclusionThe data indicates an increased L. infantum resistance to miltefosine and amphotericin B after the treatment of a dog with miltefosine plus allopurinol. Further studies with a larger number of L. infantum strains isolated from dogs with varied immune response profiles and undergoing different treatment regimes, are advocated.
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