Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34886534›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Health and Culture: The Association between Healthcare Preferences for Non-Acute Conditions, Human Values and Social Norms.

Ingmar Leijen, Hester van Herk

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. From Habit to Justification: A Dual Process Theory Approach to Primary Care Bypassing in China.Health care analysis : HCA : journal of health philosophy and policy · 2026
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  6. Operationalizing urgency in oncology: ethical challenges amidst the pandemic.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Ingmar LeijenSchool of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0375-2959
Hester van HerkSchool of Business and Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3503-5698

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Preference for professional vs. non-professional or informal healthcare for non-acute medical situations influences healthcare use and varies strongly across countries. Important individual and country-level drivers of these preferences may be human values (the fundamental values that individuals hold and guide their behavior) and country-level characteristics such as social tightness (societal pressure for "acceptable" behavior). The aim of this study was to examine the relation of these individual and country-level characteristics with healthcare preferences. We examined European Social Survey data from 23,312 individuals in 16 European countries, using a multi-level, random effect approach, including individual and country-level factors. Healthcare preferences were explained by both human values (i.e., Schwartz values) and societal tightness (i.e., tightness-looseness scores by Gelfand). Stronger conservation increased, whereas self-transcendence and openness to change decreased preference for professional healthcare. In socially tight countries, we found a higher preference for professional healthcare. Furthermore, we found interactions between social tightness and human values. These results suggest that professional healthcare preference is related to both people's values and societal tightness. This improved understanding is useful for both predicting and channeling healthcare seeking behavior across and within nations.

Indexed as

Health FacilitiesSocial NormsEuropeHumansPatient Acceptance of Health CareEuropean Social Surveyhealthcare preferencesSchwartz valuestightness-looseness

Identifiers

PMID34886534
PMCPMC8657636

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.