ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Understanding Healthcare Students' Experiences of Racial Bias: A Narrative Review of the Role of Implicit Bias and Potential Interventions in Educational Settings.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Perpetual Cycle of Racial Bias in Healthcare and Healthcare Education: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- PROTOCOL: Experiences & Impacts of Racism During Medical School: A Systematic Review.Campbell systematic reviews · 2026Review
- Combating the Silent Othering in Dental Education, Dental Public Health, and Community Health Practice to Advance Health Equity.Journal of public health dentistry · 2026Review
- Students perspectives of the effect of ethnicity on experiences in a graduate entry medicine course in Wales: a qualitative study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Unconscious bias in students of health professions - an experimental vignette study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Enhancing diagnostic reliability in non-invasive health Monitoring: An analytical framework for optimizing magnetic sensor-skin interactions in biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- The experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse health practitioners in dominant culture practice: a scoping review.Advances in health sciences education : theory and practice · 2025Article
- Improving diversity, equity, and inclusion in chiropractic education and profession: Report from three 2020-2021 summit meetings.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2024Article
- Trauma-informed language as a tool for health equity.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2024Article
- "Busting the hidden curriculum" a realist and innovative perspective to foster professional behaviors.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Factors and barriers that influence the matriculation of underrepresented students in medicine.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Review
- Workforce and workplace racism in health systems: organisations are diverse but not inclusive.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Article
- How to Create a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Curriculum: More Than Checking a Box.Annals of family medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Implicit racial bias is a persistent and pervasive challenge within healthcare education and training settings. A recent systematic review reported that 84% of included studies (31 out of 37) showed evidence of slight to strong pro-white or light skin tone bias amongst healthcare students and professionals. However, there remains a need to improve understanding about its impact on healthcare students and how they can be better supported. This narrative review provides an overview of current evidence regarding the role of implicit racial bias within healthcare education, considering trends, factors that contribute to bias, and possible interventions. Current evidence suggests that biases held by students remain consistent and may increase during healthcare education. Sources that contribute to the formation and maintenance of implicit racial bias include peers, educators, the curriculum, and placements within healthcare settings. Experiences of implicit racial bias can lead to psychosomatic symptoms, high attrition rates, and reduced diversity within the healthcare workforce. Interventions to address implicit racial bias include an organizational commitment to reducing bias in hiring, retention, and promotion processes, and by addressing misrepresentation of race in the curriculum. We conclude that future research should identify, discuss, and critically reflect on how implicit racial biases are enacted and sustained through the hidden curriculum and can have detrimental consequences for racial and ethnic minority healthcare students.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.