ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Single Slow-Paced Breathing Session at Six Cycles per Minute: Investigation of Dose-Response Relationship on Cardiac Vagal Activity.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Short-Term Effects of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback on Working Memory.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2024Trial
- Slow breathing for reducing stress: The effect of extending exhale.Complementary therapies in medicine · 2023Trial
- The Impact of a Technology-Assisted, Two-Month Breathing Exercise Intervention on Daily Affect, Weekly Stress and Examinational Stress.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neurophysiological mechanisms of breathing-based well-being practices: a narrative review for clinical application.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Review
- Breathwork for Chronic Stress and Mental Health: Does Choosing a Specific Technique Matter?Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of A Brief Resonance Frequency Breathing Exercise on Heart Rate Variability and Inhibitory Control in the Context of Generalised Anxiety Disorder.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2025Article
- Effect of sweet and caloric drinks on cardiac reactivity to slow-paced breathing in healthy adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Induced Relaxation Enhances the Cardiorespiratory Dynamics in COVID-19 Survivors.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Acute and Long-Lasting Effects of Slow-Paced Breathing on Handball Team Coach's Match Stress.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Breath-centered virtual mind-body medicine reduces COVID-related stress in women healthcare workers of the Regional Integrated Support for Education in Northern Ireland: a single group study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Squeeze the beat: Enhancing cardiac vagal activity during resonance breathing via coherent pelvic floor recruitment.Psychophysiology · 2022Article
- Women's Respiratory Movements during Spontaneous Breathing and Physical Fitness: A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Emotional Intelligence Training: Influence of a Brief Slow-Paced Breathing Exercise on Psychophysiological Variables Linked to Emotion Regulation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Using Slow-Paced Breathing to Foster Endurance, Well-Being, and Sleep Quality in Athletes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The practice of slow-paced breathing (SPB) has been linked to a range of positive outcomes, such as decreasing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as increasing well-being. Among the suggested mechanisms of action, SPB has been shown to increase cardiac vagal activity (CVA). The present study aimed to investigate whether there is a dose-response relationship modulating the effects of SPB on CVA. A total of 59 participants were involved in this study. In a within-subject design, participants attended the lab five times, and realized SPB at six cycles per minute with different durations (5, 10, 15, and 20 min), as well as a control condition without SPB. CVA was indexed via the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). During SPB, findings showed an increase in RMSSD in all conditions compared to the control condition. However, no differences were found in RMSSD among the different session durations, during SPB or during the resting measurement completed immediately after SPB. Noteworthily, session duration showed an influence on the spontaneous respiratory frequency in the resting measurement occurring immediately after SPB. Specifically, respiratory frequency appears to decrease with session duration, thus potentially contributing to additional relaxing effects.
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Registered trials
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