ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
A Narrative Literature Review of Bias in Collecting Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs).
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- How to prevent missing data in cost-effectiveness analyses alongside cardiovascular disease trials? A review on methods of administration of patient-reported outcomes.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Pooled it
- Wearable Technology and Machine Learning for Prediction of Performance-Based and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: A Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- MS Fatigue Post High-Efficacy Treatment.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Medication adherence of patients with peripheral arterial disease to antithrombotic therapy: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Integrating Nonpharmacological Options Into Perioperative Pain Care: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Long term inguinal pain comparing TEP to Lichtenstein repair: the TEPLICH RCT 8 years follow-up.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2024Trial
- Capturing the Patient Voice: Qualitative Assessment of Daridorexant's Impact on Patients with Insomnia and Comorbid Nocturia from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.Advances in therapy · 2026Article
- Swespine in the literature: a bibliometric analysis of trends and characteristics of publications.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Measurement Properties of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire in Patients With a Metacarpal or Phalangeal Fracture.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- The effects of waiting time for outpatient psychotherapeutic interventions on patient-reported outcomes in adolescents and adults with eating disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of eating disorders · 2026Review
- Pectoralis Minor Tenotomy with Occasional Secondary Neurolysis Significantly Reduces Self-Reported Pain and Headaches Across Heterogenous Chronic Pain Disorders of the Upper Limb.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- The effect on satisfaction and functional perception of showing preoperative photographs during follow-up after ingrown toenail surgery.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Influence of Age on the Effectiveness of Lee Silverman Voice TreatmentGeriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Impact of frailty on 12-month patient-reported outcomes after posterior lumbar fusion surgery.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Observational
- Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients With Infective Endocarditis-A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Data From the DERIVE Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sustaining Interest in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Through Mentorship and Training in China: Multi-site Survey Findings.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Time and patient journey to axial spondyloarthritis diagnosis: a retrospective study in French primary care.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Patient satisfaction and patient-reported outcome measures after primary ankle arthrodesis: 2-year results from the Swedish Ankle Registry.Acta orthopaedica · 2026Observational
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the collection and use of patient reported outcomes because they not only provide clinicians with crucial information, but can also be used for economic evaluation and enable public health decisions. During the collection phase of PROMs, there are several factors that can potentially bias the analysis of PROM data. It is crucial that the collected data are reliable and comparable. The aim of this paper was to analyze the type of bias that have already been taken into consideration in the literature. A literature review was conducted by the authors searching on PubMed database, after the selection process, 24 studies were included in this review, mostly regarding orthopedics. Seven types of bias were identified: Non-response bias, collection method related bias, fatigue bias, timing bias, language bias, proxy response bias, and recall bias. Regarding fatigue bias and timing bias, only one study was found; for non-response bias, collection mode related bias, and recall bias, no agreement was found between studies. For these reasons, further research on this subject is needed in order to assess each bias type in relation to each medical specialty, and therefore find correction methods for reliable and comparable data for analysis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.