Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34886157›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Health Literacy, Socio-Economic Determinants, and Healthy Behaviours: Results from a Large Representative Sample of Tuscany Region, Italy.

Patrizio Zanobini, Chiara Lorini, Vieri Lastrucci, Valentina Minardi, Valentina Possenti, Maria Masocco, Giorgio Garofalo, Giovanna Mereu, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Low income and health literacy: a systematic scoping review.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Patrizio ZanobiniDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8202-2937
Chiara LoriniDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3170-1857
Vieri LastrucciEpidemiology Unit, Meyer Children's University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy.
Valentina MinardiCentro Nazionale per la Prevenzione delle Malattie e la Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3512-3778
Valentina PossentiCentro Nazionale per la Prevenzione delle Malattie e la Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7906-5066
Maria MasoccoCentro Nazionale per la Prevenzione delle Malattie e la Promozione della Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Giorgio GarofaloDepartment of Prevention, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy.
Giovanna MereuDepartment of Prevention, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (AUSL) Toscana Centro, 50122 Florence, Italy.
Guglielmo BonaccorsiDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5171-4308

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHealth Literacy (HL) is one of the main determinants of health and is crucial for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases, by influencing key health-related behaviours. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of HL and sociodemographic factors in predicting the adoption of two healthy behaviours-physical activity and fruits and vegetables consumption.

methodsThis study was conducted on the Tuscan population subsample of the Italian Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2017-2018. HL was assessed using the Italian version of the six-item European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q6).

resultsAbout 40% of the 7157 interviewees reported an inadequate or problematic HL level. Female sex, poor financial status, foreign nationality, and low education were associated with a problematic HL level, while an inadequate HL level was associated with being 50-69 years old, low education level, foreign nationality, poor financial status and unemployment or inactive status. Inadequate HL level was a strong predictor of both eating less than three portions of fruits/vegetables per day and not engaging in sufficient PA during leisure times.

conclusionsOur findings showed that an inadequate level of HL could negatively affect physical activity and diet, independently from the other sociodemographic conditions, confirming the role of HL as a relevant social determinant of health.

Indexed as

Health LiteracyAgedEducational StatusFemaleHealth BehaviorHealth StatusHumansMiddle AgedSociodemographic FactorsSurveys and Questionnaireshealth behaviourshealth literacynutritionphysical activity

Identifiers

PMID34886157
PMCPMC8656600

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.