ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Institutional Determinants of Informal Payments for Health Services: An Exploratory Analysis across 117 Countries.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Informal payments and the illusion of free care: a perspective from Somalia's fragile health system.International journal for equity in health · 2026Article
- Beyond the price tag: a scoping review of the determinants of informal payments in health systems and strategies for curbing them.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Exploring drivers and management strategies of informal patient payments in hospitals: A qualitative study in Iran.PloS one · 2026Article
- Corruption and Population Health in the European Union Countries-An Institutionalist Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Informal payments by patients, institutional trust and institutional asymmetry.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Healthcare accessibility and equity remain important issues, as corruption in the form of informal payments is still prevalent in many countries across the world. This study employs a panel data analysis over the 2006-2013 period to explore the role of different institutional factors in explaining the prevalence of informal payments. Covering 117 countries, our findings confirm the significant role of both formal and informal institutions. Good governance, a higher trust among individuals, and a higher commitment to tackling corruption are associated with diminishing informal payments. In addition, higher shares of private finance, such as out-of-pocket and domestic private health expenditure, are also correlated with a lower prevalence of informal payments. In policy terms, this displays how correcting institutional imperfections may be among the most efficient ways to tackle informal payments in healthcare.
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