ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Prevalence of Myopia in Children in Spain: An Updated Study in 2020.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of clinically significant refractive error in children in Europe: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The association between Chinese eye exercises and myopia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Prevalence of myopia and myopia trends among optometric telemedicine users in Spain: a retrospective nationwide observational study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and initial validation of the PREP questionnaire into Spanish for assessing quality of life in children wearing spectacles.Journal of optometry · 2026Article
- Incidence and Risk Factors of Refractive Error in Children in Spain: CISViT Project.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Article
- The global landscape of myopia prevalence and its social determinants in children and adolescents: a cross-regional analysis.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors for Myopia in Primary School Children in Madrid: A School-Based Cycloplegic Refraction Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Driving Performance Under Peripheral Defocus Induced by Ophthalmic Lenses for Myopia Control.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Child Myopia Prevalence in Europe: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Distribution of Ocular Normative Parameters in a Spanish School Population.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Factors associated with myopia in the Portuguese child population: An epidemiological study.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2025Article
- Article
- Prevalence, sociodemographic risk factors, and coverage of myopia correction among adolescent students in the central region of Portugal.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Correlation analysis of myopia and dietary factors among primary and secondary school students in Shenyang, China.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Estimation of the Evolution of Myopia in Spanish Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Lifestyle Factors in Myopic Spanish Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bibliometric analysis of hotspots and trends of global myopia research.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of refractive errors in school-aged and preadolescent children in Colombia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Attitudes and knowledge of myopia management by Spanish optometrists.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn recent years, there was a significant increase in myopia incidence worldwide. However, it is still not clear how it affects Spanish children. Since 2016, this research team analyzed myopia prevalence and risk in 9668 children aged between 5 and 7 years. It was shown that the prevalence rates increased from 16.8% in 2016 to 20.4% in 2019. The objective of this study is to update the prevalence rate of myopia in Spain in 2020 and analyze the risk and prevention factors of myopia.
methodsThe participants underwent an optometric examination, and a questionnaire on their lifestyle, family history, and geographical origin was carried out. Finally, data were analyzed using the SPSS version 27 program.
results1601 children from various Autonomous Communities of Spain were examined. In 2020 the myopia rates did not increase compared to 2019 (
conclusionsThe prevalence of myopia in Spain in children between 5 and 7 years old increased significantly between 2016 and 2020.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.