ArticleCancers2021
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Cancer Markers in Osteosarcoma: Influence on Patient Survival.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The MDM2-p53 Axis in Osteosarcoma: Current Understanding of Regulatory Mechanisms and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Navigating the immunosuppressive abyss: current hurdles and innovative breakthroughs in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy and postoperative bone defect repair strategies based on osteosarcoma tumor microenvironment characteristics: balancing antitumor effects and promotion of bone regeneration.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma: Recent Progress and Perspectives.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Identification of potential genes associated with metastasis in osteosarcoma: an integrated bioinformatics analysis.Musculoskeletal surgery · 2025Review
- A comprehensive clinico-pathological review of a series of pediatric, adolescents and young adults with high-grade osteosarcoma: from clinics to biomarker discovery.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Nrf2: A key regulator in chemoradiotherapy resistance of osteosarcoma.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Involvement ofFrontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Nanotechnology-Driven Strategies in Osteosarcoma Advances in Treatment: Immunotherapy and Drug Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Osteosarcoma immune microenvironment: cellular struggle and novel therapeutic insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Osteosarcoma: A comprehensive review of model systems and experimental therapies.Medical research archives · 2024Article
- Spatial multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis reveals coordinated cellular networks associated with overall survival in metastatic osteosarcoma.Bone research · 2024Article
- Correlation of High-Grade Osteosarcoma Response to Chemotherapy with Enhanced Tissue Immunological Response: Analysis of CD95R, IFN-γ, Catalase, Hsp70, and VEGF.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2024Article
- Chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the treatment of osteosarcoma (Review).International journal of oncology · 2024Review
- New insights into the mechanisms of the immune microenvironment and immunotherapy in osteosarcoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Unlocking the tumor-immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma: insights into the immune landscape and mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma based on immune microenvironment modulation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Potential Developments in the Therapy of Metastatic Osteosarcoma-A Narrative Review.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- The Prognostic Role of Preoperative Hematological and Inflammatory Indices in Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OST) is the most common type of high-grade primary bone tumor, which mainly affects young adults. The current standard of care for OST combines surgical resection with chemotherapy. The clinical outcomes and the current options to treat OST patients are unsatisfactory and novel treatment strategies are needed. The crosstalk between tumor cells and immune cells is essential to the OST microenvironment. Despite the efforts that have been made to address the importance of immune-related factors in OST, there is still a lot to understand. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), the expression of proteins involved in tumor biology, and their impact on the clinical outcome of OST patients. We studied 93 samples of OST patients using immunohistochemistry and histomorphometry. We looked for the infiltration of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, TIA1+ and CD20+ cells and for the expression of CD44 standard (CD44s) and variant 6 (CD44v6), CD95/Fas, Fas-L, p53 and p-glycoprotein. All the parameters were analyzed for the influence on the occurrence of death and metastasis, plus patient overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The effect of sex, age, tumor location (distal femur or proximal tibia) and the combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy was also assessed. Our results suggest that the presence of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ cells provides protection to OST patients, and that CD8+ cells have a significant impact on the patient's overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), which is more evident in male patients. In addition, a strong association between tumor-infiltrating CD4+ cells and the presence of CD44s expression in tumor samples was observed. Analysis of TIL and tumor markers related to tumor biology could be useful to stratify patients and monitor the response to therapy, as well as to assist with the development of immunotherapy strategies to improve the effects of cytotoxic TIL to eradicate the tumor cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.