ReviewCancers2021
Checkpoint Inhibition in Bladder Cancer: Clinical Expectations, Current Evidence, and Proposal of Future Strategies Based on a Tumor-Specific Immunobiological Approach.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current status and trends of immune-related adverse events in lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a bibliometric analysis of the past decade (2016-2025).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Review
- Unveiling the Paradoxical Tumor-Suppressive Role of CCL2/CCR2 in Bladder Cancer: A Novel Immunotherapeutic Strategy.Cancers · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: A meta-analysis with exploratory chemotherapy comparisons.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- The role of exosomes in bladder cancer immunotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Review
- Epigenetic dysregulation-induced metabolic reprogramming fuels tumor progression in bladder cancer.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- Predicting survival in bladder cancer with a novel apoptotic gene-related prognostic model.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Reliable prognostic definition and immunotherapy response prediction in bladder cancer, based on a novel aging-associated 5-gene signature model.Translational andrology and urology · 2024Article
- The Evolving Landscape of Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Genitourinary Cancers.Biomarker insights · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Tumor microenvironment heterogeneity in bladder cancer identifies biologically distinct subtypes predicting prognosis and anti-PD-L1 responses.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A novel genes-based signature with prognostic value and predictive ability to select patients responsive to Atezolizumab treatment in bladder cancer: an analysis on data from real-world studies.Translational cancer research · 2023Article
- Apoptosis related genes mediated molecular subtypes depict the hallmarks of the tumor microenvironment and guide immunotherapy in bladder cancer.BMC medical genomics · 2023Article
- The cuproptosis-associated 11 gene signature as a predictor for outcomes and response to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies in bladder carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- Her-2 Targeted Therapy in Advanced Urothelial Cancer: From Monoclonal Antibodies to Antibody-Drug Conjugates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Allyl-, Butyl- and Phenylethyl-Isothiocyanate Modulate Akt-mTOR and Cyclin-CDK Signaling in Gemcitabine- and Cisplatin-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cell Lines.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In contrast with other strategies, immunotherapy is the only treatment aimed at empowering the immune system to increase the response against tumor growth. Immunotherapy has a role in the treatment of bladder cancer (BC) due to these tumors' high tumor mutational burden (TMB) and mostly prominent immune infiltrate. The therapy or combination has to be adjusted to the tumor's immunobiology. Recently, a new class of immunotherapeutic agents, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), has shown potential in increasing treatment chances for patients with genitourinary cancers, improving their oncological outcomes. The clinical efficacy of ICI has been shown in both the first-line treatment of cisplatin-ineligible patients, with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive tumors (atezolizumab, pembrolizumab), and in second-line settings, for progression after platinum-based chemotherapy (atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab for FDA and EMA; durvalumab and avelumab for FDA alone). Predicting the response to ICI is important since only a subset of patients undergoing ICI therapy develop a concrete and lasting response. Most of the patients require a different therapy or therapy combination to achieve tumor control. The cancer immunity cycle provides a conceptual framework to assist therapy selection. Biomarkers to predict response to ICI must identify where the cancer immunity cycle is disrupted. We reviewed the current knowledge on ICI treatment in BC, going from basic science to current data and available clinical evidence. Secondly, a critical analysis of published data is provided, and an original panel of biomarkers able to predict response to ICI treatment, based on tumor-specific immune profiling, is proposed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.