ReviewCancers2021
The Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer: Strategies for Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing immunity against breast cancer: from checkpoints to cell therapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Subtype-Stratified Consensus Gene Signatures: Bridging Tumor Cell Biology, Immune Microenvironment, and Clinical Prognosis in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Multiomic profiling of ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer reveals markers associated with metastatic spread.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Observational
- Regulatory T cells in breast cancer drivers of immune suppression and targets for immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases treated with multimodal therapy: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Exploring IgSF11 as a potential immune checkpoint and immunotherapeutic target in breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Subtype- and race-specific variations in the immune landscape of breast cancer: therapeutic implications.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Ultrasound for Multimodal Cancer Treatment: A Spotlight on Breast Cancer.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- A ROR1 targeted bispecific T cell engager shows high potency in the pre-clinical model of triple negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Article
- PARP14 Contributes to the Development of the Tumor-Associated Macrophage Phenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The breast cancer tumor microenvironment and precision medicine: immunogenicity and conditions favoring response to immunotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2024Review
- CAR-mediated targeting of NK cells overcomes tumor immune escape caused by ICAM-1 downregulation.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
- Remodeling of tumour microenvironment: strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance and innovate immunoengineering in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Efficacy and Mechanism of a Biomimetic Nanosystem Carrying Doxorubicin and an IDO Inhibitor for Treatment of Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Article
- A bibliometric analysis of drug resistance in immunotherapy for breast cancer: trends, themes, and research focus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Harnessing Variability Signatures and Biological Noise May Enhance Immunotherapies' Efficacy and Act as Novel Biomarkers for Diagnosing and Monitoring Immune-Associated Disorders.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
- Tumor microenvironment-responsive micelles assembled from a prodrug of mitoxantrone and 1-methyl tryptophan for enhanced chemo-immunotherapy.Drug delivery · 2023Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has traditionally been considered to be not inherently immunogenic and insufficiently represented by immune cell infiltrates. Therefore, for a long time, it was thought that the immunotherapies targeting this type of cancer and its microenvironment were not justified and would not bring benefits for breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, to date, a considerable number of reports have indicated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) as a prognostic and clinically relevant biomarker in breast cancer. A high TILs expression has been demonstrated in primary tumors, of both, HER2-positive BC and triple-negative (TNBC), of patients before treatment, as well as after treatment with adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Another milestone was reached in advanced TNBC immunotherapy with the help of the immune checkpoint inhibitors directed against the PD-L1 molecule. Although those findings, together with the recent developments in chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapies, show immense promise for significant advancements in breast cancer treatments, there are still various obstacles to the optimal activity of immunotherapeutics in BC treatment. Of these, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment constitutes a key barrier that greatly hinders the success of immunotherapies in the most aggressive types of breast cancer, HER2-positive and TNBC. Therefore, the improvement of the current and the demand for the development of new immunotherapeutic strategies is strongly warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.