ReviewCancers2021
Propensity for Early Metastatic Spread in Breast Cancer: Role of Tumor Vascularization Features and Tumor Immune Infiltrate.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- MRI and PET-Based Machine Learning Radiomics for Metastasis Prediction in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2025Pooled it
- Vasculogenic mimicry and breast cancer prognosis: Insights into predictive model development.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Future Perspectives: Mass Spectrometry for Spatial Localisation of Anti-Angiogenic Oil Palm Compounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Digital spatial profiling identifies features of primary and locoregional metastatic vasculature in triple negative breast cancer.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Article
- Endothelial dysfunction determines vascular mechanisms of metastatic progression in breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Organoid: a promising solution to current challenges in cancer immunotherapy.npj biomedical innovations · 2025Review
- Angiogenesis: Biological Mechanisms and In Vitro Models.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Review
- Review
- Review
- Necroptosis-Related LncRNAs Signature and Subtypes for Predicting Prognosis and Revealing the Immune Microenvironment in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex and highly heterogeneous disease consisting of various subtypes. It is classified into human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER-2)-enriched, luminal A, luminal B and basal-like/triple negative (TNBC) breast cancer, based on histological and molecular features. At present, clinical decision-making in breast cancer is focused only on the assessment of tumor cells; nevertheless, it has been recognized that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical biologic role in breast cancer. This is constituted by a large group of immune and non-immune cells, but also by non-cellular components, such as several cytokines. TME is deeply involved in angiogenesis, immune-evasion strategies, and propensity for early metastatic spread, impacting on prognosis and prediction of response to specific treatments. In this review, we focused our attention on the early morphological changes of tumor microenvironment (tumor vasculature features, presence of immune and non-immune cells infiltrating the stroma, levels of cytokines) during breast cancer development. At the same time, we correlate these characteristics with early metastatic propensity (defined as synchronous metastasis or early recurrence) with particular attention to breast cancer subtypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.