ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Augmentative Pharmacological Strategies in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantitative evaluation of multiple treatment regimens for treatment-resistant depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Safety of Vortioxetine for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in the Real World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Agomelatine as adjunctive therapy with SSRIs or SNRIs for major depressive disorder: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Review
- Guideline-directed heart failure pharmacotherapy and depression/anxiety: a scoping review of heart failure and related cardiovascular populations.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Patterns of antidepressant treatment changes among adults with major depressive disorder in Northwest Ethiopia: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in major depressive disorder: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Article
- BRD2 phase separation activates super-enhancer-driven ATG7 transcription to promote ferritinophagy in depression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Analysis of Genomic and Transcriptomic Data Revealed Key Genes and Processes in the Development of Major Depressive Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- [Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Ganoderic acid A ameliorated LPS-induced depression-like behaviors via suppression of acute neuroinflammation.Journal of natural medicines · 2025Article
- Large-scale plasma proteomics uncovers novel targets linking ambient air pollution and depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Antidepressants: A Systematic Review of Human Studies over the Last Decade.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hypothyroidism Revealed During General Anesthesia in a Patient With Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Case Report.Anesthesia progress · 2025Article
- Is Pilates effective in improving depressive disorders? A comprehensive overview.International clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Review
- Network pharmacology combined with experimental verification for exploring the potential mechanism of phellodendrine against depression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Explosion of research on psychopathology and social media use after COVID-19: A scientometric study.World journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- New Advances in the Pharmacology and Toxicology of Lithium: A Neurobiologically Oriented Overview.Pharmacological reviews · 2024Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is associated with poor outcomes, but a consensus is lacking in the literature regarding which compound represents the best pharmacological augmentation strategy to antidepressants (AD). In the present review, we identify the available literature regarding the pharmacological augmentation to AD in TRD. Research in the main psychiatric databases was performed (PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo). Only original articles in English with the main topic being pharmacological augmentation in TRD and presenting a precise definition of TRD were included. Aripiprazole and lithium were the most investigated molecules, and aripiprazole presented the strongest evidence of efficacy. Moreover, olanzapine, quetiapine, cariprazine, risperidone, and ziprasidone showed positive results but to a lesser extent. Brexpiprazole and intranasal esketamine need further study in real-world practice. Intravenous ketamine presented an evincible AD effect in the short-term. The efficacy of adjunctive ADs, antiepileptic drugs, psychostimulants, pramipexole, ropinirole, acetyl-salicylic acid, metyrapone, reserpine, testosterone, T3/T4, naltrexone, SAMe, and zinc cannot be precisely estimated in light of the limited available data. Studies on lamotrigine and pindolol reported negative results. According to our results, aripiprazole and lithium may be considered by clinicians as potential effective augmentative strategies in TRD, although the data regarding lithium are somewhat controversial. Reliable conclusions about the other molecules cannot be drawn. Further controlled comparative studies, standardized in terms of design, doses, and duration of the augmentative treatments, are needed to formulate definitive conclusions.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.