ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Developmental Stressors Induce Innate Immune Memory in Microglia and Contribute to Disease Risk.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta analysis of bioactive compounds, miRNA, siRNA and cell death regulators as sensitizers to doxorubicin induced chemoresistance.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2022Pooled it
- Context-dependent effects of microglial MyD88 removal on voluntary ethanol consumption in mice.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Differential regulation of monocyte exhaustion by distinct TLR agonists and underlying mechanisms.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- The mechanistic role of Wilms tumor 1-associated protein in cancer pathogenesis, immunity, immunotherapy, and therapy resistance.Investigational new drugs · 2026Review
- Computational Elucidation of Hub Genes and Pathways Correlated with the Development of 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in HCT 116 Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: Impact on Neuroimmune Function in the Stress Response and Pain.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation leads to perineuronal net loss in cocultured neurons.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Neglect and Neurodevelopment: A Narrative Review Understanding the Link Between Child Neglect and Executive Function Deficits.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Association between redox dysregulation and vulnerability to cognitive deficits induced by maternal immune activation.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Increased LPS-induced fever and sickness behavior in adult male and female rats perinatally exposed to morphine.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- The emerging role of the gut microbiome in cancer cell plasticity and therapeutic resistance.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
- Alcohol, HMGB1, and Innate Immune Signaling in the Brain.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2024Review
- Developmental programming of tissue-resident macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Developing brain under renewed attack: viral infection during pregnancy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Myeloid masquerade: Microglial transcriptional signatures in retinal development and disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Interdisciplinary fetal-neonatal neurology training applies neural exposome perspectives to neurology principles and practice.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Article
- A molecular framework for autistic experiences: Mitochondrial allostatic load as a mediator between autism and psychopathology.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many types of stressors have an impact on brain development, function, and disease susceptibility including immune stressors, psychosocial stressors, and exposure to drugs of abuse. We propose that these diverse developmental stressors may utilize a common mechanism that underlies impaired cognitive function and neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia, autism, and mood disorders that can develop in later life as a result of developmental stressors. While these stressors are directed at critical developmental windows, their impacts are long-lasting. Immune activation is a shared pathophysiology across several different developmental stressors and may thus be a targetable treatment to mitigate the later behavioral deficits. In this review, we explore different types of prenatal and perinatal stressors and their contribution to disease risk and underlying molecular mechanisms. We highlight the impact of developmental stressors on microglia biology because of their early infiltration into the brain, their critical role in brain development and function, and their long-lived status in the brain throughout life. Furthermore, we introduce innate immune memory as a potential underlying mechanism for developmental stressors' impact on disease. Finally, we highlight the molecular and epigenetic reprogramming that is known to underlie innate immune memory and explain how similar molecular mechanisms may be at work for cells to retain a long-term perturbation after exposure to developmental stressors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.