ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Fetal Immunomodulatory Environment Following Cartilage Injury-The Key to CARTILAGE Regeneration?
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative phenotypic and molecular profiling of replicative and chemically-induced senescence in articular chondrocytes.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Ontogenetic stage and type of donor cells shape extracellular vesicles' therapeutic potential for osteoarthritis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Dexamethasone: a double-edged sword in the treatment of osteoarthritis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Interferon-gamma signaling promotes cartilage regeneration after injury.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Roles of Microenvironment on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy for Osteoarthritis.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Multiomics-empowered Deep Phenotyping of Ulcerative Colitis Identifies Biomarker Signatures Reporting Functional Remission States.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Fetal cartilage fully regenerates following injury, while in adult mammals cartilage injury leads to osteoarthritis (OA). Thus, in this study, we compared the in vivo injury response of fetal and adult ovine articular cartilage histologically and proteomically to identify key factors of fetal regeneration. In addition, we compared the secretome of fetal ovine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro with injured fetal cartilage to identify potential MSC-derived therapeutic factors. Cartilage injury caused massive cellular changes in the synovial membrane, with macrophages dominating the fetal, and neutrophils the adult, synovial cellular infiltrate. Correspondingly, proteomics revealed differential regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators and growth-factors between adult and fetal joints. Neutrophil-related proteins and acute phase proteins were the two major upregulated protein groups in adult compared to fetal cartilage following injury. In contrast, several immunomodulating proteins and growth factors were expressed significantly higher in the fetus than the adult. Comparison of the in vitro MSCs proteome with the in vivo fetal regenerative signature revealed shared upregulation of 17 proteins, suggesting their therapeutic potential. Biomimicry of the fetal paracrine signature to reprogram macrophages and modulate inflammation could be an important future research direction for developing novel therapeutics.
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Registered trials
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