ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Primaquine Inhibits the Endosomal Trafficking and Nuclear Localization of EGFR and Induces the Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells by Nuclear EGFR/Stat3-Mediated c-Myc Downregulation.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repurposing primaquine diphosphate for imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia via targeting BCR-ABL and Wnt/β-catenin pathway.iScience · 2026Article
- Evaluation of cytotoxic and cellular effects of zinc nanoparticles from Saccharum officinarum (Jaggery) extract on breast cancer cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- PFDN5 synergizes with anti-PD1 therapy to promote triple-negative breast cancer cell death through JAK2/STAT3/c-Myc signaling axis.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Biogenic synthesis of bioactive zinc nanoparticles from cyanobacterial Nostoc sp. MK-7 for biomedical applications.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Captivating Synergistic, Dose-Dependent Anticancer Effects of Tumor-Regulation Modulators Chloroquine and Ivermectin Completely Abolished by an Opposing Modulator, Deoxycholic Acid, in Hamster Fibrosarcoma: In Vivo, In Vitro, and Literature Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of luteolin on proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells by regulating EGFR/STAT3/AKt pathway.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- Lactobionic Acid as a Biocompatibility Switch: Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Copper(II)-Primaquine Complexes.Bioinorganic chemistry and applications · 2026Article
- Discovery of Primaquine-Indole Carboxamides with Cancer-Cell-Selective Antiproliferative Activity.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Knockdown and Overexpression Experiments to Investigate the Inhibitory Mechanism of Fuzheng Xiaozheng Prescription, an Effective Chinese Herbal Formula for the Clinical Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A chemical inhibitor of IST1-CHMP1B interaction impairs endosomal recycling and induces noncanonical LC3 lipidation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Role of Harmaline in Inhibiting c-Myc, Altering Molecular Typing, and Promoting Apoptosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- Potential therapeutic targets of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- EGFR trafficking: effect of dimerization, dynamics, and mutation.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Molecular Research and Treatment of Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Dihydroconiferyl Ferulate Isolated fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Targeting regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in triple-negative breast cancer: a revisited perspective from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells overexpress the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Nuclear EGFR (nEGFR) drives resistance to anti-EGFR therapy and is correlated with poor survival in breast cancer. Inhibition of EGFR nuclear translocation may be a reasonable approach for the treatment of TNBC. The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine and primaquine have been shown to promote an anticancer effect. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of chloroquine- and primaquine-induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. We showed that primaquine, a malaria drug, inhibits the growth, migration, and colony formation of breast cancer cells in vitro, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Primaquine induces damage to early endosomes and inhibits the nuclear translocation of EGFR. Primaquine inhibits the interaction of Stat3 and nEGFR and reduces the transcript and protein levels of c-Myc. Moreover, primaquine and chloroquine induce the apoptosis of breast cancer cells through c-Myc/Bcl-2 downregulation, induce early endosome damage and reduce nEGFR levels, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer through nEGFR/Stat3-dependent c-Myc downregulation. Our study of primaquine and chloroquine provides a rationale for targeting EGFR signaling components in the treatment of breast cancer.
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