ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Downregulation of MMP-9 Enhances the Anti-Migratory Effect of Cyclophosphamide in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Lines.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
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- Gold nanoparticles mediate suppression of angiogenesis and breast cancer growth via MMP-9/NF-κB/mTOR and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling: integrative in vitro validation and network pharmacology insights.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Implications of Mineralization Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Outcomes Beyond Calcifications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
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- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Advances of RNAs in Precision Medicine of Gastrointestinal Tumors.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Downregulation of Ezrin Suppresses Migration Potential in Cervical Cancer Cells.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Glioblastoma U-87 cell electrotaxis is hindered by doxycycline with a concomitant reduction in the matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2024Article
- Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Periodontium-Vital in Tissue Turnover and Unfortunate in Periodontitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Real-time label-free three-dimensional invasion assay for anti-metastatic drug screening using impedance sensing.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Proton pump inhibitors display anti-tumour potential in glioma.Cell proliferation · 2023Review
- Discovering the Triad between Nav1.5, Breast Cancer, and the Immune System: A Fundamental Review and Future Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Accessing Apoptosis Induction and Metastasis Inhibition Effect of Magnolol on Triple Negative Breast CancerIn vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Metastasis is one of the most urgent issues in breast cancer patients. One of the factors necessary in the migration process is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Metalloproteinases (MMPs) can break down the elements of the ECM, which facilitates cell movement. Many highly aggressive tumors are characterized by high levels of MMPs. In the case of breast cancer, the association between MMP-9 and the migration potential and invasiveness of cells has been demonstrated. In addition, reports indicating increased migration of breast cancer cells after the administration of the commonly used cytostatic cyclophosphamide (CP) are particularly disturbing. Hence, our research aimed to assess the effect of CP treatment on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells and how this response is influenced by the downregulation of the MMP-9 level. The obtained results suggest that CP causes a decrease in the survival of breast cancer cells of various invasiveness, and the downregulation of MMP-9 enhances this effect, mainly by inducing apoptosis. Moreover, in the group of MMP-9 siRNA-transfected CP-treated cells, a more severe reduction in invasion and migration of cells of both lines was observed, as indicated by the migration and invasion transwell assays and Wound healing assay. Hence, we suggest that CP alone may not result in satisfactory therapeutic effects. On the other hand, the use of combination therapy targeting MMP-9, together with the CP, could improve the effectiveness of the treatment. Additionally, we confirmed a relationship between the levels of MMP-9 and cytokeratin 19 (CK19).
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Registered trials
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