ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
The ECM: To Scaffold, or Not to Scaffold, That Is the Question.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed.
- Bioprinting of miRNA-Induced Spheroids for Vascularized, Heterocellular Bone Regeneration.Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996) · 2026Article
- Article
- Extracellular matrix phenotyping by imaging mass cytometry defines distinct cellular matrix environments associated with allergic airway inflammation.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- Cell pellets promote periodontal bone regeneration in furcation involvement by regulating macrophage polarization through TGF-β1 secretion.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Proteolysis at the extracellular matrix interface: Molecular architects and regulators in health and disease.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Extracellular matrix and proteolysis: mechanisms driving irreversible changes and shaping cell behavior.The FEBS journal · 2026Review
- Advances in neural organoids: structural organization, disease modeling, and applications in gene therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- 3D printed chip as platform to vascularize hiPSCs-derived kidney organoids.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Article
- Organoids: generation strategies, applications, and future challenges.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Extracellular matrix polysaccharides and glycoproteins in ovarian cancer: structural-functional macromolecular perspectives and potential exosome-derived biomarkers.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- MSC Origin and Biomechanical Conditioning Determine ECM Maturation in Tissue-Engineered Matrix.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- 3D-printed core-shell scaffolds with a biphasic calcium phosphate core and GelMA hydrogel shell for bone tissue engineering.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Directed Cell Self-Assembly to Form Tendon and Muscle Models for Studying Early Stages of Musculoskeletal Tissue Formation.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2026Article
- Erythropoietin in tissue engineering and beyond: a multifunctional macromolecule with emerging roles in organoids, immune modulation, and cancer research.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Intracavernous Injection of Mechanically Extracted Stromal Vascular Fragments Suppresses Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transformation to Mitigate Erectile Dysfunction in Hypertensive Rats.Stem cells international · 2026Article
- Engineered 3D mesenchymal stem cell aggregates with multifunctional prowess for bone regeneration: Current status and future prospects.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Cryoelectrospun Elastin-Alginate Scaffolds Support In Vitro 3D Epithelial-Stromal Cocultures for Salivary Tissue Engineering.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Regulation of Tissue Regeneration by Immune Microenvironment-Fibroblast Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Novel emerging cell and organoid systems for the study of drug metabolism and toxicity in humans.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2025Review
- Properties of 3-Dimensional Cell Cultivation Matrices and Scaffolds in Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 3 Tesla.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has pleiotropic effects, ranging from cell adhesion to cell survival. In tissue engineering, the use of ECM and ECM-like scaffolds has separated the field into two distinct areas-scaffold-based and scaffold-free. Scaffold-free techniques are used in creating reproducible cell aggregates which have massive potential for high-throughput, reproducible drug screening and disease modeling. Though, the lack of ECM prevents certain cells from surviving and proliferating. Thus, tissue engineers use scaffolds to mimic the native ECM and produce organotypic models which show more reliability in disease modeling. However, scaffold-based techniques come at a trade-off of reproducibility and throughput. To bridge the tissue engineering dichotomy, we posit that finding novel ways to incorporate the ECM in scaffold-free cultures can synergize these two disparate techniques.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.