Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34884457›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

Blood-Brain Barrier in Brain Tumors: Biology and Clinical Relevance.

Francesca Mo, Alessia Pellerino, Riccardo Soffietti, Roberta Rudà

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
18.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Systems biology-driven drug repurposing in glioblastomaResearch in pharmaceutical sciences · 2026
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  13. Advancing brain immunotherapy through functional nanomaterials.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026
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64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Francesca MoDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
Alessia PellerinoDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3243-0059
Riccardo SoffiettiDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-9204-7038
Roberta RudàDepartment of Neuro-Oncology, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
University of Turin · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The presence of barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain-tumor barrier (BTB), limits the penetration of antineoplastic drugs into the brain, resulting in poor response to treatments. Many techniques have been developed to overcome the presence of these barriers, including direct injections of substances by intranasal or intrathecal routes, chemical modification of drugs or constituents of BBB, inhibition of efflux pumps, physical disruption of BBB by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (EMP), laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT), focused ultrasounds (FUS) combined with microbubbles and convection enhanced delivery (CED). However, most of these strategies have been tested only in preclinical models or in phase 1-2 trials, and none of them have been approved for treatment of brain tumors yet. Concerning the treatment of brain metastases, many molecules have been developed in the last years with a better penetration across BBB (new generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors like osimertinib for non-small-cell lung carcinoma and neratinib/tucatinib for breast cancer), resulting in better progression-free survival and overall survival compared to older molecules. Promising studies concerning neural stem cells, CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptors) strategies and immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors are ongoing.

Indexed as

Blood-Brain BarrierBrain NeoplasmsHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapy, AdoptiveNeural Stem CellsReceptors, Chimeric AntigenImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsReceptors, Chimeric Antigenblood-brain barrier (BBB)brain–tumor barrier (BTB)chemotherapyconvection-enhanced delivery (CED)focused ultrasounds (FUS)nanoparticles (NP)neurovascular unit (NVU)

Identifiers

PMID34884457
PMCPMC8657947
OpenAlexW3216658647

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.